Staphylococcus epidermidis: A differential trait of the fecal microbiota of breast-fed infants

Jiménez, Esther; Delgado, Susana; Maldonado, Antonio; Arroyo, Rebeca; Albújar, Mar; García, Natalia; Jariod, Manuel; Fernández, Leónides; Gómez, Adolfo; Rodríguez, Juan M.

doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-143

Cited by 137 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(57 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

131

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Indeed, S. aureus and S. epidermidis are both common mastitis pathogens, yet in several studies examining the bacterial communities of milk produced by women free from mastitis, the presence of both of these species has been reported (18,22,28). It is therefore of great interest to understand why these species are seemingly harmless commensal organisms at some times and pathogens at others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk Oligosaccharides Promote the Growth of Staphylococci

Hunt

Preuss

Nissan

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

f Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), which constitute a major component of human milk, promote the growth of particular bacterial species in the infant's gastrointestinal tract. We hypothesized that HMO also interact with the bacterial communities present in human milk. To test this hypothesis, two experiments were conducted. First, milk samples were collected from healthy women (n ‫؍‬ 16); culture-independent analysis of the bacterial communities was performed, HMO content was analyzed, and the relation between these factors was investigated. A positive correlation was observed between the relative abundance of Staphylococcus and total HMO content (r ‫؍‬ 0.66). In a follow-up study, we conducted a series of in vitro growth curve experiments utilizing Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis and HMO isolated from human milk. HMO exhibited stimulatory effects on bacterial growth under various nutritional conditions. Analysis of culture supernatants from these experiments revealed that HMO did not measurably disappear from the culture medium, indicating that the growth-enhancing effects were not a result of bacterial metabolism of the HMO. Instead, stimulation of growth caused greater utilization of amino acids in minimal medium. Collectively, the data provide evidence that HMO may promote the growth of Staphylococcus species in the lactating mammary gland. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are complex glycans highly abundant (ϳ5 to 15 g/liter) in human milk (5,6,24). Representing a diverse collection of structures, almost 150 distinct forms of HMO have been identified (42,43). Based upon their structures, HMO can be classified as simple (sialylated or fucosylated lactose compounds made of three sugar units) or complex (composed of differentially sialylated or fucosylated repeats of lacto-N-biose or N-acetyllactosamine linked to a lactose motif). Interestingly, HMO patterns are highly unique to individual women, and their concentrations vary over the course of lactation, with levels peaking in colostrum and lower concentrations in mature milk (8,12,15,39).From an evolutionary standpoint, it is logical that because the mammary gland exerts a substantial amount of energy to produce these compounds, HMO likely promote the fitness of the offspring even though the infant is largely unable to metabolize them (1, 14, 16). Research from several groups suggests the possibility that HMO are capable of interacting with an infant's gastrointestinal microbiota to promote his or her health (10,27,30,35,38). Indeed, some of the first studies in this area noted the capacity of HMO to promote growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum, a species overrepresented in the gastrointestinal tract of the breast-fed, but not formula-fed, infant (17,29,40). Over 50 years later, research has confirmed that the genetic capacity to metabolize these compounds is conserved among bifidobacteria species common in the infant's gastrointestinal tract (38). These findings suggest that HMO may serve a prebiotic function in selectively promoting the...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk Oligosaccharides Promote the Growth of Staphylococci

Hunt

Preuss

Nissan

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, despite the consensus view of maternal inheritance of the microbiome at birth, the source of the early colonizers has never been exhaustively studied. Targeted cultivation-based investigations have shown that mother-infant pairs often share strains of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli (Tannock et al 1990;Matsumiya et al 2002;Jiménez et al 2008;Albesharat et al 2011;Makino et al 2013;Jost et al 2014). Large scale 16S rRNA and metagenomic surveys have found that vaginally born infants often harbor species that can also be detected in the mother (Dominguez-Bello et al 2010;Bäckhed et al 2015), thus hinting at broad vertical transmission of the microbiota, but the same species can also be shared by unrelated individuals.…”

Section: [Supplemental Materials Is Available For This Article]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective maternal seeding and environment shape the human gut microbiome

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vertical transmission of bacteria from mother to infant at birth is postulated to initiate a life-long host-microbe symbiosis, playing an important role in early infant development. However, only the tracking of strictly defined unique microbial strains can clarify where the intestinal bacteria come from, how long the initial colonizers persist, and whether colonization by other strains from the environment can replace existing ones. Using rare single nucleotide variants in fecal metagenomes of infants and their family members, we show strong evidence of selective and persistent transmission of maternal strain populations to the vaginally born infant and their occasional replacement by strains from the environment, including those from family members, in later childhood. Only strains from the classes Actinobacteria and Bacteroidia, which are essential components of the infant microbiome, are transmitted from the mother and persist for at least 1 yr. In contrast, maternal strains of Clostridia, a dominant class in the mother's gut microbiome, are not observed in the infant. Caesarean-born infants show a striking lack of maternal transmission at birth. After the first year, strain influx from the family environment occurs and continues even in adulthood. Fathers appear to be more frequently donors of novel strains to other family members than receivers. Thus, the infant gut is seeded by selected maternal bacteria, which expand to form a stable community, with a rare but stable continuing strain influx over time.

show abstract

“…However, there is growing evidence that the in utero environment may not be sterile, as originally thought: bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli have been isolated from the meconium of healthy neonates. 13 The infant gut microbiota is more variable in its composition and less stable over time. In the first year of life, the infant intestinal tract progresses from sterility to extremely dense colonization, ending with a mixture of microbes that is relatively stable and largely similar to that found in the adult intestine.…”

Section: The Host-microbiota Dialoguementioning

confidence: 99%