Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan induces histamine release from basophil human leukocytes in vitro

Abstract

Whole killed cells, cell walls, and peptidoglycans of Staphylococcus aureus were found to release histamine from human leukocytes and isolated rat mast cells in vitro. The histamine-releasing capability increased in the order of whole bacteria, cell walls, and peptidoglycans. Peptidoglycan was found to release histamine by a nonimmunological mechanism, as demonstrated by release in cells deprived of surface immunoglobulins, whereas whole bacteria and cell walls seemed to operate both by immunological and nonimmunological mechanisms. Histamine release was not a specific property of S. aureus; a wide range of whole bacterial species had this activity. We suggest that peptidoglycan may be a common factor responsible for histamine release by different bacteria.

Non‐IgE‐dependent bacteria‐induced histamine release from human lung and tonsillar mast cells

“…It is noteworthy that two organisms that frequently colonize the respiratory traet, H. infiuenzae and group A streptococci, induced little or no histamine release. The capsule bearing form of H. infiuenzae used in these experiments did not release histamine from human basophils [16]. However, the aeapsulated form, which, rather than the capsulated form, is found in asthma and chronic bronchitis, induces basophil histamine release by an IgE-dependent mechanism [10].…”

“…The finding that peptidoglyean isolated from Staph. aureus failed to induce release from tonsillar mast cells indieates that the suggestion of peptidoglyean sugars being involved in bacteria-induced histamine release [16] might be of no significance in adenoidal cells.…”

“…In four experiments, ineubation of eells for 30 min with 2 mg/ml of two peptidoglyean preparations. EI369 and E2371 [16] failed to induee histamine release. In ihe same experiments net histamine release induced by E. coli{ 10 mg/ml) a-id anti-IgE (I ' V,,) was 24'S + S'A'V.…”

“…Whole formalin-killed bacteria were prepared from cultured bacteria, which were killed by 1-5% formalin in 0-9% NaCl. washed six times, suspended in 0'9% NaCl and then freeze dried [11,16] [16]. Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) was obtained from Flow Labs.. Irvine, U.K.…”

Examination of Mechanisms Responsible for Organic Dust-Related Diseases: Mediator Release Induced by Microorganisms. A Review

“…2% basophilocytes. The cells were obtained by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation, washed twice, and suspended in a buffered (pH 7.4) solution of Tris-AMC (albumin, magnesium, calcium) (Espersen et al, 1984). The capability of microorganisms to trigger histamine release from the basophilocytes was examined by incubating the leukocytes for 40 min at 37°C with whole formalin-killed bacteria or their cell wall components (endotoxins, peptidoglycan), influenza A virus or fungal spores of moulds.…”