Staphylococcus aureus colonisation in patients from a primary regional hospital

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus (SA or S. aureus) is a common pathogen that leads to local and systemic infections in communitarian and hospitalised patients. Staphylococcus colonizing nasal or pharyngeal sites can become virulent and cause severe infections. In this study, we collected 322 pharyngeal exudates and 142 nasal exudates from hospitalised and outpatients for screening purposes. The carriage rates in the pharynx were 27.06% for S. aureus, 11.55% for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 5.61% for methicillin-oxacillin resistant S. aureus (MORSA). The carriage rates in the nose were 35.38% for S. aureus, 18.46% for MRSA and 13.85% for MORSA. The median multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of SA was 33.33%. The MAR of MRSA was significantly higher than that of methicillin-susceptible strains (MSSA) (45.45% vs. 18.75%, P<0.0001) and the MAR of MORSA was 57.14%. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed differences in the resistance of methicillin-sensitive, MRSA and MORSA strains. On the whole, our study demonstrates the pattern of distribution of nasal and pharyngeal colonisation with SA, MRSA and MORSA in adults vs. children, inpatients vs. outpatients, ICU patients vs. non-ICU patients, and females vs. males, which can be used for adjusting the screening and decontamination protocols in a hospital. SA is a pervasive pathogen with constantly changing trends in resistance and epidemiology and thus requires constant monitoring in healthcare facilities.

Clinical significance of serum melatonin in predicting the severity of oral squamous cell carcinoma

“…In oral mucosal lesions, novel therapeutic modalities with natural compounds can be used as a complementary therapy for standard treatment (5)(6)(7). Untreated oral cavity tumors develop both locally and distant severe complications, such as fistulas, increasing the risk of aspiration, as well as challenging the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections (8,9).…”

Bacteriological Profiles and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns in Complicated Bacterial Infections of the Ears, Nose and Throat

“…The MRSA Staphylococcus may also colonize hospital wards and become difficult to control or eradicate. Its survival is promoted probably by the high usage of over the counter antibiotics, that can induce the transformation of methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in MRSA [11]. In our study, the prevalence of Staphyolococcus MRSA was 14.46%.…”

“…Some of these patients may have already undergone abusive selfimposed antibiotic treatments, or even non-rational treatments prescribed by their general practitioner. These MRSA subpopulations can be selected through exposure to cefoxitin or oxacillin in up to 48 hours [11]. It is therefore difficult to place the moment in which a non-MRSA strain may convert into a MRSA strain, and even if that moment takes place inside or outside of the hospital.…”

Cefotaxime induced generalized bullous fixed drug eruption - A case report

“…The offending drug activities CD8+ cells by damaging surrounding keratinocytes and release cytokines such as interferon gamma in localized epidermal and dermal tissue which cause localized tissue damage [ 8 ]. Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen that leads to skin and systemic infections in hospitalized patients [ 9 ]. The other most frequently involved microorganisms are Gram-negative bacilli, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Enterococcus spp.…”