“…Since then, S. agnetis has been isolated from cattle worldwide [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. Later, it was discovered that S. agnetis is a causative agent of disease in broiler chickens and broiler breeders [ 40 , 41 ].…”
Section: Discovery and Identification Of
Staphylococcus mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Material for bacteriological tests should be collected aseptically from birds and plated on agar medium. Locations from which S. agnetis cultures have been successfully obtained include the proximal heads of the tibia and femur (either macroscopically normal or with BCO lesions), blood, liver, spleen, endocardium, and cloaca [ 40 , 41 ]. Basic media for staphylococcal samples are 5% blood agar (bovine or ovine blood), Müller–Hinton, or Trypticase Soy agar supplemented with blood [ 3 , 41 , 49 , 56 ].…”
Section: Discovery and Identification Of
Staphylococcus mentioning
This review aims to summarize recent discoveries and advancements regarding the characteristics of Staphylococcus agnetis (S. agnetis) and its role in poultry pathology. S. agnetis is an emerging pathogen that was primarily associated with mastitis in dairy cattle. After a presumed host jump from cattle to poultry, it was identified as a pathological agent in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), causing lameness induced by bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO), septicemia, and valvular endocarditis. Economic and welfare losses caused by lameness are global problems in the poultry industry, and S. agnetis has been shown to have a potential to induce high incidences of lameness in broiler chickens. S. agnetis exhibits a distinct repertoire of virulence factors found in many different staphylococci. It is closely related to S. hyicus and S. chromogenes, hence infections caused by S. agnetis may be misdiagnosed or even undiagnosed. As there are very few reports on S. agnetis in poultry, many facts about its pathogenesis, epidemiology, routes of transmission, and the potential impacts on the poultry industry remain unknown.
“…Since then, S. agnetis has been isolated from cattle worldwide [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. Later, it was discovered that S. agnetis is a causative agent of disease in broiler chickens and broiler breeders [ 40 , 41 ].…”
Section: Discovery and Identification Of
Staphylococcus mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Material for bacteriological tests should be collected aseptically from birds and plated on agar medium. Locations from which S. agnetis cultures have been successfully obtained include the proximal heads of the tibia and femur (either macroscopically normal or with BCO lesions), blood, liver, spleen, endocardium, and cloaca [ 40 , 41 ]. Basic media for staphylococcal samples are 5% blood agar (bovine or ovine blood), Müller–Hinton, or Trypticase Soy agar supplemented with blood [ 3 , 41 , 49 , 56 ].…”
Section: Discovery and Identification Of
Staphylococcus mentioning
This review aims to summarize recent discoveries and advancements regarding the characteristics of Staphylococcus agnetis (S. agnetis) and its role in poultry pathology. S. agnetis is an emerging pathogen that was primarily associated with mastitis in dairy cattle. After a presumed host jump from cattle to poultry, it was identified as a pathological agent in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), causing lameness induced by bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO), septicemia, and valvular endocarditis. Economic and welfare losses caused by lameness are global problems in the poultry industry, and S. agnetis has been shown to have a potential to induce high incidences of lameness in broiler chickens. S. agnetis exhibits a distinct repertoire of virulence factors found in many different staphylococci. It is closely related to S. hyicus and S. chromogenes, hence infections caused by S. agnetis may be misdiagnosed or even undiagnosed. As there are very few reports on S. agnetis in poultry, many facts about its pathogenesis, epidemiology, routes of transmission, and the potential impacts on the poultry industry remain unknown.
“…Among L. evansi , L. intermedia and L. longipalpis only three bacteria species were found in common: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (found in other insect species, known for triggering a detectable immune response in tsetse flies) (Kaaya et al , 1986 ; Hernandez-Flores et al , 2015 ), Enterobacter aerogenes (found in other insects and potential pathogen to humans) (Memona et al , 2017 ) and Pseudomonas putida (associated with soil and water) (Nicoletti et al , 2015 ; Colauto et al , 2016 ). Staphylococcus agnetis potentially pathogenic to poultry (Poulsen et al , 2017 ) and associated to bovine mastitis (Lange et al , 2015 ) was found only in L. cruzi , L. evansi and L. longipalpis . Fig.…”
In this review, we explore the state-of-the-art of sand fly relationships with microbiota, viruses and Leishmania, with particular emphasis on the vector immune responses. Insect-borne diseases are a major public health problem in the world. Phlebotomine sand flies are proven vectors of several aetiological agents including viruses, bacteria and the trypanosomatid Leishmania, which are responsible for diseases such as viral encephalitis, bartonellosis and leishmaniasis, respectively. All metazoans in nature coexist intimately with a community of commensal microorganisms known as microbiota. The microbiota has a fundamental role in the induction, maturation and function of the host immune system, which can modulate host protection from pathogens and infectious diseases. We briefly review viruses of public health importance present in sand flies and revisit studies done on bacterial and fungal gut contents of these vectors. We bring this information into the context of sand fly development and immune responses. We highlight the immunity mechanisms that the insect utilizes to survive the potential threats involved in these interactions and discuss the recently discovered complex interactions among microbiota, sand fly, Leishmania and virus. Additionally, some of the alternative control strategies that could benefit from the current knowledge are considered.
“…Because approximately more than half of the isolates classified as S. hyicus, based on phenotypic speciation methods, were reclassified as S. agnetis using more precise molecular methods ( Adkins et al, 2017 ), it is likely that at least part of the S. agnetis isolates also have the capacity to cause a significant inflammatory reaction in the udder. Recently, S. agnetis was also shown to be the causative agent in bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis leading to lameness in broiler chickens in the wire floor system ( Al-Rubaye et al, 2015 ) and a potential causative agent in endocarditis and septicemia in broiler breeders ( Poulsen et al, 2017 ).…”
Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are most commonly isolated from subclinical mastitis. Different NAS species may, however, have diverse effects on the inflammatory response in the udder. We determined the genome sequences of 20 staphylococcal isolates from clinical or subclinical bovine mastitis, belonging to the NAS species Staphylococcus agnetis, S. chromogenes, and S. simulans, and focused on the putative virulence factor genes present in the genomes. For comparison we used our previously published genome sequences of four S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis. The pan-genome and core genomes of the non-aureus isolates were characterized. After that, putative virulence factor orthologues were searched in silico. We compared the presence of putative virulence factors in the NAS species and S. aureus and evaluated the potential association between bacterial genotype and type of mastitis (clinical vs. subclinical). The NAS isolates had much less virulence gene orthologues than the S. aureus isolates. One third of the virulence genes were detected only in S. aureus. About 100 virulence genes were present in all S. aureus isolates, compared to about 40 to 50 in each NAS isolate. S. simulans differed the most. Several of the virulence genes detected among NAS were harbored only by S. simulans, but it also lacked a number of genes present both in S. agnetis and S. chromogenes. The type of mastitis was not associated with any specific virulence gene profile. It seems that the virulence gene profiles or cumulative number of different virulence genes are not directly associated with the type of mastitis (clinical or subclinical), indicating that host derived factors such as the immune status play a pivotal role in the manifestation of mastitis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
