Staphylococcosis in captive exotic waterfowl

Degenerative joint disease in captive waterfowl

“…However, the majority of reports describing joint disease in waterfowl are limited to captive birds (Dias & Montali, 1994;Wobeser, 1997;Palya et al, 2003), and there is insufficient documentation of joint disease in free-flying waterfowl to know whether captive waterfowl are predisposed to this problem.…”

“…In one study, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from juvenile captive mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) with septic arthritis and septicaemia, and was hypothesized to be secondary to foot injuries associated with housing on wire mesh (Wobeser, 1997). A pathology review of 2450 captive waterfowl that died over 18 years at the National Zoological Park in Washington, DC, USA reported that nine of 43 birds with staphylococcosis had severely infected joints (Dias & Montali, 1994). S. aureus was also associated with severe, bilateral septic arthritis of the hock joints in a captive black-bellied whistling duck (Dendrocygna autumnalis) (Bienzle et al, 1997).…”

“…Scattered reports of DJD have been reported in captive waterfowl (Dias & Montali, 1994;Bienzle et al, 1997;Palya et al, 2003), but risk factors for DJD in captive waterfowl have not been evaluated, especially among waterfowl managed in zoological collections. Degenerative joint disease of the pelvic limb is a complex, multifactorial disease that has received little attention in the non-poultry avian literature.…”

Transmission of Systemic AA Amyloidosis in Animals

“…8,34 AA amyloidosis is not a rare disease in captive birds and occurs most frequently in waterfowl, which are known to develop AA amyloidosis secondary to bumblefoot (ulcerative pododermatitis) caused by Staphylococcus spp infection. 4,13,71 Furthermore, Pekin ducks also develop ageassociated AA amyloidosis. 55 Chicken AA amyloidosis is referred to as amyloid arthropathy and is associated with Enterococcus faecalis infection, while spontaneous chicken systemic AA amyloidosis is less common.…”

Prion and prion-like diseases in animals

“…Avian AA-amyloidosis is quite common in waterfowls too, usually secondary to ulcerative pododermatitis caused by Staphylococcus spp. infection (Brassard, 1965;Dias and Montau, 1994). Contrary, bovine AA-amyloidosis is a relatively rare disease, generally associated with inflammatory disorders such as mastitis or arthritis (Elitok et al, 2008;Seifi et al, 1997).…”