Staphylococcosis in a commercial rabbitry

Holliman, Andrew; Girvan, GA

doi:10.1136/vr.119.8.187

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Skin wounds in rabbits may occur due to management conditions such as a rough grid floor of rabbit cages, fighting between animals and possibly during auto-and allogrooming activities (Meulemans et al 2007). There is a generally accepted opinion that infection with high-virulence S. aureus strains in rabbits cannot be eradicated with antimicrobial agents (Okerman et al 1984;Carolan 1986;Holliman and Girvan 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance and species identification of staphylococci isolated from the meat of wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Slovakia

et al. 2011

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In 2009, a total of 113 strains of staphylococci were isolated from the thigh muscles of ten hunted and 20 farmed wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the Slovak Republic. Only two isolates (1.8%) possessed coagulase activity, the rest of 111 staphylococcal isolates were coagulase-negative. Among them, six isolates (5.4%) showed the production of DNase. In each isolate, resistance to eight antibiotics by means of agar dilution test was tested. Based on these results, 110 isolates were found to be resistant to at least one antibiotic. Only one isolate was susceptible to all eight antibiotics tested. Another two isolates were susceptible, however, they showed intermediate susceptibility to cefoxitin. Resistance to ampicillin (78.8%), erythromycin (58.4%), penicillin (51.3%) and oxacillin (46.0%) was found most frequently. Twenty-six isolates (23.0%) were resistant to novobiocin. On the other hand, resistance to cefoxitin (8.0%) and gentamicin (1.8%) were quite rare. Fifteen percent of isolates were resistant to one antibiotic, simultaneous resistance to two, three, four and five antibiotics was confirmed in 22.1%, 23.9%, 21.2% and 13.3% of isolates, respectively. Except for two coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates (1.8%), seven species of coagulase-negative staphylococci were identified using the MALDI BioTyper (TM) sytem as follows: Staphylococcus warneri (45.1%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (21.2%), Staphylococcus pasteuri (13.3%), Staphylococcus xylosus (8.0%), Staphylococcus capitis (7.1%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (1.8%) and Staphylococcus cohnii ssp cohnii (1.8%).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance and species identification of staphylococci isolated from the meat of wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Slovakia

et al. 2011

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“…In view of the poor results obtained with antibiotic treatment of rabbits infected with the 3A/3C/55/71 type (HOLLIMAN and GIRVAN, 1986;DEVRIESE et al, 1987), n o treatment was attempted, except for pregnant does which were removed later. Also eradication by removal of affected animals proved ineffective in the long run because flare-ups of the disease often occurred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus Type in Commercial Rabbits

Devriese¹,

Hendrickx²,

Godard³

et al. 1996

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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Rifampin possesses unique activity against Staphylococcus aureus. It is the most active antistaphylococcal antibiotic currently available and has been shown to be particularly effective in eradicating S. aureus from abscess cavities in experimental infections. However t resistance develops rapidly in vitro and in vivo when large numbers of organisms (10 6-1Q7) are present, and use of combination therapy has been recommended. The use of combination therapy is complicated by the finding that in vitro the addition of rifampin may reduce (antagonize) the bactericidal effect of the {3-lactam antibiotics. This study examines the in vivo effect of treatment with a fJ-Iactam agent (cloxacillin), rifampin, or the combination on the eradication of S. aureusfrom cardiac vegetations in experimental endocarditis. Five different dosage combinations of the {3-lactam agent and rifampin were administered for a three-day period, and an attempt was made to correlate peak serum bactericidal titers with results of quantitative cultures of vegeta-tions after therapy. In two of five regimens the combination of rifampin and cloxacillin produced enhanced efficacy in vivo (synergism); in two regimens the effect was no greater than the effect of either drug alone (indifference), and in one regimen the combination was less effective than either single-drug regimen alone (antagonism). Peak serum bactericidal titers often were predictive of the in vivo effect when high doses of cloxacillin were used but were not consistently predictive of in vivo results when rifam-pin was the agent responsible for the major therapeutic effect. Rifampin-resistant strains did not emerge in animals receiving combination therapy but were isolated from vegetations from several animals receiving rifampin alone. Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent of up to 30070 of cases of endocarditis; the frequency of endocarditis due to S. aureus is on the rise; and the mortality rate remains high, approaching 40070 [1, 2]. The value of combination antimicrobial therapy in reducing mortality and the usefulness of serum tests for identifying the optimal antibiotic regimens remain controversial [3-5].

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“…aureus is a versatile opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide spectrum of pathologies (22). This bacterium affects rabbits of different ages, infects dermal lesions and invades subcutaneous tissues (23), resulting in different pathologies, including subcutaneous abscesses, exudative and supportive dermatitis (24,25); pododermatitis (26,27); mastitis (26); infertility and death (28). Economic losses in industrial livestock husbandry attributed to staphylococcal infections are considerable at a worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the total proteins and main protein fractions in rabbits experimentally infected with Staphylococcus aureus

Georgieva¹,

Petrov²,

Georgiev³

et al. 2017

TJS

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Infections with Staphylococcus aureus are a common cause which can induce severe skin infections in rabbits leading to important economic losses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the changes in the concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, and albumin/globulin ratio during S. aureus infection using a model for experimental infection of rabbits. The experiment was carried out on 13 rabbits at the age of 3 months. Infection was induced by inoculation of 7 rabbits by100 μL of bacterial suspension of a field S. aureus strain (density: 8х10 8 cfu/mL) and 6 other rabbits were not treated (controls). Blood samples for principal protein analysis were collected before (0 h) and at 24, 48 and72 h on day 7, 14, and 21 after infection. Total protein level showed little changes in the experimental group. The concentration of albumin decreased in the experimental group since 32.2±2.30 g/L to 27.3±1.9g/L. The serum level of globulins rose significantly (P<0.05) in the experimental group and slightly in the control group. Albumin/globulin ratio was lowered and significantly different on day 4 (P<0.01) and on day 7 (P<0.001). The concentration of fibrinogen was used as an acute phase protein with aim to confirm the incidence of infection. In parallel, rectal temperature and skin lesions (abscesses) were recorded. In all infected animals, formation of abscess due to the proliferation of the inoculated strain was observed within 48-96 h following the bacterial inoculation and these lesions have gradually extended leading to purulent exudates several days after and sometimes to secondary abscesses in surrounding muscles.

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Staphylococcosis in a commercial rabbitry

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Antimicrobial resistance and species identification of staphylococci isolated from the meat of wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Slovakia

Antimicrobial resistance and species identification of staphylococci isolated from the meat of wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Slovakia

A New Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus Type in Commercial Rabbits

Study on the total proteins and main protein fractions in rabbits experimentally infected with Staphylococcus aureus

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