Standing Crop Biomass and Cover on Amended Coarse Taconite Iron Ore Tailings

Norland, Michael R.; Veith, David L.; Dewar, Steve W.

doi:10.21000/jasmr93010385

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…The highest rate (89.6 Mg/ha) had significantly greater percent cover and biomass than any of the other treatments. Percent cover and biomass compare closely after 2 growing seasons with results from a study (Norland et al 1992(Norland et al , 1993) completed earlier using similar application rates of MSW compost. Subsequent findings (Norland et al 1994) showed that the 90% cover standard was achieved after 4 seasons.…”

Section: Ground Coversupporting

confidence: 70%

“…In a companion study (Melchert et al 1994), MSW compost was applied to a tailing site to examine impacts on water quality and runoff. In recent years other studies have been initiated by the MDNR and the U.S. Bureau of Mines, studying the usefulness of MSW compost as a soil amendment for revegetating coarse !aconite tailing (Norland et al 1991(Norland et al , 1992(Norland et al , 1993. The objective of this paper is to assess tree growth and trace metal concentrations in leaf tissue for trees planted in coarse tailing plots treated with four rates of MSW compost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth and Trace Metal Content of Poplars Planted on Tailing Treated with Municipal Solid Waste Compost

Dewar¹,

Norland²

1994

ASMR

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Taconite tailing wastes in Minnesota are infertile and difficult to vegetate to meet mineland reclamation standards. Taconite tailing reclamation is a potential use for a municipal solid waste (MSW) compo~t product. MSW compost is rich in organic compounds, and its application to tailing is likely to improve fertility even though it may increase the level of potentially harmful trace metals. This study assesses tree growth and elemental tissue concentrations of Souixland poplar (Populus deltoides var. Souixland) planted in four 420-m 2 field plots. Plots were randomly treated with 0, 22.4, 44.8, or 89.6 Mg/ha of MSW compost. After compost application, all plots were fertilized, disced, seeded with a grass-legume µrixture, and planted with rooted cuttings of poplar at a 2 by 2.5 m spacing. After two growing seasons, tree growth was significantly greater where compost was applied. The average growth per live tree was highest in the 89.6 Mg/ha plot. Average tree height increased from 68.2 to 84.1 cm, a 23% increase over the control for the highest rate. Survival of trees; however, ranged from 84 to 98% for the high rate and control, respectively. Ground cover and biomass increased with increasing compost application rates. Analyses of the compost indicated that it met regulations for field application, including PCB's and trace metals. Soils analyses of the tailing after compost application showed higher levels of N, P, S, Zn, and Cu with increasing application rates. Analyses of poplar leaf tissue revealed slightly higher concentrations of P, Zn, Cu, and Cd for treatments receiving compost. Results suggest that applying compost to coarse tailing will increase the growth of ground cover and poplar trees without adversely affecting the environment.

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Section: Ground Coversupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Trace Metal Content of Poplars Planted on Tailing Treated with Municipal Solid Waste Compost

Dewar¹,

Norland²

1994

ASMR

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“…Percent cover was measured in each plot with a cover point projection sampler and biomass was measured in two to three 0.1 m 2 sub plots. (Additional detail on plot construction and methods can be found in Norland et al, 1991, 1993, 1995, and McCarthy et al, 1995.…”

Section: Small Plots /Usx Evtac}mentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste for wastelands reclaiming taconite tailings basins with organic amendments.

Eger¹,

Melchert²,

Dewar³

1999

ASMR

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Taconite tailings basins cover 10,500 hectares in northern Minnesota. Since these tailings are primarily quartz and iron oxides, water quality has not been an issue, but establishing vegetation on the coarse fraction of the tailings has been a major problem. Reclamation rules require that (I) percent cover must equal 90% after three to five years (depending on slope and aspect), and (2) vegetation must be self-sustaining after ten years. Typical cover on coarse tailings, even after five years, has ranged from40 to 60%. Despite repeated application of seed and fertilizer, less than 10% of the coarse tailings areas meet standards. Application of 10 to 90 mt/ha of various organic amendments, including: peat; yard waste compost; municipal solid waste compost; and paper processing waste; have been shown to dramatically affect vegetative success. Although plots that received 90 mt/ha of peat were the most successful in meeting the three-year standard, some of the plots with as little as 10 mt/ha of amendment produced 90% cover after five years. Application of 22.4 to 89.6 mt/ha of waste from paper manufacturing was also effective in meeting long-term reclamation standards. Data from these studies suggest that the application of 22.4 to 44.8 mt/ha of organic amendment will meet reclamation standards within five years, and will be no more costly than · the industry's current unsuccessful practices, if the source of the amendment is within I 00 km of the mining area. In the fall of 1997, the first full scale application of organic amendments was made. Additional

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“…The U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) has established research plots on coarse tailings using organic amendments at several locations in northeastern Minnesota, including Eveleth Mines. The research program of the USBM was established because standard methods of revegetation have not been successful in vegetating coarse taconite tailings (Norland 1993;Norland, Veith, and Dewar 1993;Melchert et al 1994). Many darns and dikes constructed using coarse tailings have only attained a 40 percent to 60 percent plant cover after three years (Shetron and Duffeck 1970;Dewar 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineland Reclamation Using Office Waste Paper De-Inking Residue

McCarthy¹,

Geerts²,

Johnson³

et al. 1995

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Pulp facilities which recycle office waste paper generate large amounts of waste by-products in the process of producing high-grade pulp. The paper-like residue, called de-inking residue, was evaluated for use in the revegetation of coarse taconite tailings in northeastern Minnesota. Minnesota Mineland Reclamation Rules specify that a 90 percent vegetative cover shall be established on tailings after three growing seasons; however, the 90 percent cover requirement on coarse tailings has not been consistently achieved using standard reclamation practices. Research plots were established in 1992 at the Eveleth Mines Fairlane Plant utilizing a randomized block design using five levels of de-inking residue, five levels of fertilization, and two plant mixes on 2.5-by 4.0-m plots. Lysirneters were installed to monitor changes in sub-surface water quality. Vegetative cover was measured at two sampling periods each in 1992 and 1993. Fertilization and de-inking residue amendments had significant effects on the vegetative cover of introduced and native plant species. Vegetative cover for introduced species increased from no cover to 49 percent at the end of the first growing season, to 90 percent at the end of the second growing season on tailings fertilized at the highest level and amended with residue at 22.4 kg ha· 1 • At the same fertilizer and de-inking residue rate, vegetative cover for native plants increased from no cover to 7 percent at the end of the first growing season, to 69 percent at the end of the second growing season.

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Standing Crop Biomass and Cover on Amended Coarse Taconite Iron Ore Tailings

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Growth and Trace Metal Content of Poplars Planted on Tailing Treated with Municipal Solid Waste Compost

Growth and Trace Metal Content of Poplars Planted on Tailing Treated with Municipal Solid Waste Compost

Waste for wastelands reclaiming taconite tailings basins with organic amendments.

Mineland Reclamation Using Office Waste Paper De-Inking Residue

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