“…figure, we see that the IEC standards basically monopolize the information exchange between the power systems and the information systems that control them and enable the operations for production, transmission, and distribution. These IEC standards for interaction with power equipment are considered by NIST as the "foundational standards" 4 for Smart Grid interoperability. On the other hand, the standardization is not so clear in the interactions with the market: here, there is more heterogeneity and, although the interaction happens through the Internet, there is not yet a unique way for energy producers, control center operators and traders on the market to speak a common unified worldwide language.…”