Standardizing Appetite through Timing of Food Intake to Minimize Metabolic Disorders: A Veterinary Revelation

Abstract

This public policy article establishes circadian timing of appetite and nutrient consumption as a working science to feasibly prevent and manage obesity and diabetes. Conventionally, almost all scientific efforts have focused on managing daily quantity and quality of nutrient intake in programming public nutrition and health. However, a very significant applied science, incrementally emerging recently, is timing of appetite and eating different nutrients over the 24-h period. Innovative Revelations: Veterinary Science for Human HealthThe science of appetite and eating timing stems from the principle that the circadian evolutionary nature of human life has led to development of almost 24-h rhythms in cell physiology and function [1][2][3]. As a result, metabolism extent and rate differ substantively during different hours of the 24-h period that are also independent from food intake per se [4][5][6]. Eating as a biological synchronizer of cell metabolism is highly integrated with the time when it occurs in regulating biochemical reactions [7,8]. This means that eating the same amount of the same food at different hours of the 24-h period has different metabolic and health consequences. In other words, cell metabolism and waste management efficiency and thus sensitivity to pathological conditions and agents depend highly on when during 24-h period (i.e., early to late morning, noon, mid to late afternoon, evening, overnight) nutrients are taken. Recent dairy research established that evening instead of morning fresh feed provision optimizes circadian and postprandial rhythms of nutrient intake, rumen fermentation and peripheral metabolism in lactating dairy cows. As a result, night-fed cows were more productive and less excretive than morning-fed cows [1,2].Basically, human glucose intolerance and insulin insensitivity develop as day leaves for night [4,9]. This phenomenon provides an evolutionary proof for the circadian nature of human activity and resting time that keeps the body and its differential cells well-prepared for varying functions [10]. Endocrinologically, resting can occur most desirably when the gastrointestinal system and interrelated splanchnic and peripheral tissues are not overly involved in nutrient bioprocessing and energetics. Owing to such reduced energy demands at times of limited activity during evening and later overnight, the body has not learnt to require insulin and other facilitating hormones and proteins to assimilate nutrients. As such, any overflow of glucose and energyproducing nutrients later in evening and overnight would oppose human evolution in healthy management of cell physiology. Thus, at certain circadian times, human is more prone to obesity and diabetes.The public education programs must increasingly communicate the significance of timing of food intake as an emerging public science in improving human health and welfare. Eating appetizing and energizing foods only during day especially early morning must be encouraged. On the other hand, taking large and concen...

Timing of Intake and Exercise: Creating a Public Probiotic

“…However, evening is the time when the body prepares to rest and relax towards overnight sleep, thus being a rather inactive metabolic phase [8,9]. As such, glucose tolerance and insulin efficiency decrease as evening and night begins [10]. This evolutionary principle leads to formulating a public nutritional program that is based on frequent small energizing meals during morning and day and very few even smaller fruity low-energy meals during evening and night [11,12].…”

Delicate Artistic Cereal Provision to Reduce Negative Nutrient Balance and Improve Dairy Cow Health

“…Artistic provision of wheat and barley alongside corn or sorghum has the capability to induce modest grades of altered rumen conditions that can maintain milk fat content and yield within ranges that impose less pressure to the already metabolically challenged cows. Such ranges vary depending on animal and herd management properties, feeding systems, milk market norms, consumer preferences, and level of milk production [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. For instance, for a Holstein dairy herd with average daily raw milk yield of 37-40kg and milk fat content of 3.5-3.7%, milk fat content may be manageably decreased down to 3.2-3.4% to significantly but healthfully reduce negative energy and nutrient balance.…”

Scheduling Exercise-Eating to Optimize Gut Probiotics: A Global Invention

“…As such, any overintake of nutrients later in evening and night greatly interferes with normal cell metabolism and waste management. This knowledge leads the current public health programs to move towards minimizing chances of energy overconsumption as evening and night commence [14].…”