Standardization of the CPV technology in 2019 – The path to new CPV technologies

Measurement and Modeling of the 3-D Solar Irradiance for Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaic

“…This curve correction factor is convenient because it can be uniquely determined for each curved surface given the incidence angle characteristics of the module and the incidence angle distribution of the solar cell if the mismatching loss is neglected. The curve correction factor can be calculated by numerical, geometric calculation [35] or raytracing simulation [1,[16][17][18][19][20]46]. For the geometrical calculation, it is important to add two conditions for avoiding complexity.…”

“…The development of meaningful testing and modeling methods were done by the international group using a web-meeting [16][17][18][19]. The 3-D model of photovoltaic power generation developed initially in the car-roof PV, namely VIPV (Vehicle integrated photovoltaic), can be extended to VIPV applications with curved PV using a flexible one.…”

“…The photovoltaic is also useful for auxiliary powers and range-extension of other low-carbon energies [10][11][12][13][14][15] The efficiency and power rating, as well as energy prediction under the curved surface affected by the shading objects, are critical. For example, the car-roof is three-dimensionally curved, and its curvature may induce power loss by increased cosine loss and self-shading loss [1,[16][17][18][19][20]. The Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 15 January 2020 irradiance and temperature of the car-roof are different from that of the roof-top or the ground mounting systems [16].…”

“…Surrounded buildings and other objects (trees and signals) often shade PV panels, and the variety of the curved shape has a complicated impact. Such interaction is needed to take into account [1].The development of meaningful testing and modeling methods were done by the international group using a web-meeting [16][17][18][19]. The 3-D model of photovoltaic power generation developed initially in the car-roof PV, namely VIPV (Vehicle integrated photovoltaic), can be extended to VIPV applications with curved PV using a flexible one.This article covers the modeling and measurement of the solar-irradiance of the car-body for accurate, meaningful, and non-biased estimation of the energy yield of automobile mounting PV modules.…”

“…">ModelWith the progress of the automotive technology, it will help to cover the limited power output of the car-roof PV so that most of the private cars will be able to run by solar energy equipped with highefficiency and 3-D curved solar panels [1-3], and will overcome the loss mentioned above. To do so, the conventional IEC 60904 international standard series for PV electrical characterization, now focusing on 2-D flat panels, will need to expand to 3-D shaped PV modules [1,5,[16][17][18][19][20]. We attempt to define 3-D solar irradiation and rating to the 3-D curved solar panels.…”