How did the knowledge of CPV contribute to the standardization activity of VIPV?

Araki, Kiyomichi; Ji, Liang; Kelly, George; Ham, Arjo van der; Agudo, Emilio; Antón, Ignacio; Baudrit, Mathieu; Carr, A.J.; Herrero, Rebeca; Kurtz, Sarah; Liu, Zhengxin; Pravettoni, Mauro; Ota, Yasuyuki; Tobita, Hiromi; Yoon, S. F.; Yoshita, Masahiro; Yamaguchi, Masafumi; Nishioka, Kensuke

doi:10.1063/5.0032997

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…These factors are not typically used to describe product performance but are referenced in the energy yield discussion. Such evaluations were discussed in international standardization activities [113,114]. These algorithms and the testing and validation procedures, including safety issues with installing PV devices on the car body, are also discussed within the framework of international standardization [113,114].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector-Based Advanced Computation for Photovoltaic Devices and Arrays: Numerical Reproduction of Unusual Behaviors of Curved Photovoltaic Devices

Araki,

Ota,

Nishioka

2024

Applied Sciences

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Most equations and models for photovoltaics are based on the assumption that photovoltaic (PV) devices are flat. Therefore, the actual performance of nonplanar PV devices should be investigated and developed. In this study, two algorithms were developed and defined using vector computations to describe a curved surface based on differential geometry and the interaction with non-uniform solar irradiance (i.e., non-uniform shading distribution in the sky). To validate the computational model, the power output from a commercial curved solar panel for the Toyota Prius 40 series was monitored at four orientation angles and in various climates. Then, these were compared with the calculation results obtained using the developed algorithm. The conventional calculation used for flat PV devices showed an overestimated performance due to ignorance of inherent errors due to curved surfaces. However, the new algorithms matched the measured trends, particularly on clear-sky days. The validated computation method for curved PV devices is advantageous for vehicle-integrated photovoltaic devices and PVs including building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs), drones, and agriphotovoltaics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector-Based Advanced Computation for Photovoltaic Devices and Arrays: Numerical Reproduction of Unusual Behaviors of Curved Photovoltaic Devices

Araki,

Ota,

Nishioka

2024

Applied Sciences

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“…Other studies have proposed corrections for the mismatching loss due to partial shading 77,90 Indoor measurements using solar simulators are frequently adopted for rating and testing products affected by the curve shape 91,92 . However, we did not consider indoor testing as this technique is also a function of instrument‐specific properties. Dynamic shading is a significant factor for the actual losses of PV on a car roof 93 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curve correction of vehicle‐integrated photovoltaics using statistics on commercial car bodies

Ota

Araki

Nagaoka

et al. 2021

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Typically, car roofs are curved, which means that vehicle‐integrated photovoltaics (VIPVs) are also curved along the roof surface. The performance of the PV module is influenced by the local cosine loss and self‐shadowing loss due to the curved surface. The ratio between the solar irradiances of curved and flat surfaces is defined as the curve correction factor, and it widely varies with the shape of the curved surface. When the curve correction factor is less than unity, the PV on a curved car roof performs worse than the PV on a flat plate. Understanding the typical range of the curve correction factor is important for the estimation of the energy generated by VIPV. We investigated the curved shapes of 100 lines of cars and 200 cases. The curved shapes were then used to extract eight nondimensional geometric parameters, and the distributions and correlations among the parameters were investigated. The parent population of the curved surfaces was estimated via a Monte Carlo simulation based on an analysis of the statistical characteristics. The distribution of curve correction factors for the car population was calculated via differential geometry weighted by the distribution of incident angles of sunlight (direct and diffused) affected by shading along the streets, which was obtained from 1 year of driving data for Miyazaki City, Japan. The curve correction factors were highly skewed, but the average value was 0.92. This means that VIPV requires a 10% boost in performance to compensate for the inherent loss due to the geometry of curved roofs.

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“…Since when direct solar radiation decreases, this structure will be able to absorb radiation from different directions and focus it on the solar cell. Moreover, using flexible materials in this structure can help integrate fragile solar cells because different parts of the concentrator structure can be produced from flexible materials so that fragile solar cells can be installed on the surface of the car body [55]. Of course, one of the challenges of using the concentrator structure is creating a space between the cells placed in it.…”

Section: Type and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Effective Factors on Vehicles Integrated Photovoltaic (VIPV) Performance: A Review

Samadi

Ala

Brano

et al. 2023

WEVJ

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Integrating photovoltaic technology has undergone significant development in recent years, owing to its manifold advantages. One of the most recent domains where this technology has found application is within the transportation sector. The utilization of this technology possesses the potential to initiate a new revolution in transportation by enhancing the range and reducing fuel consumption in vehicles. The performance of these systems is influenced by numerous factors, which have been thoroughly examined in this study. These factors have been categorized into three broad groups: installation site, solar cell characteristics, and environmental conditions. It is important to note that these conditions are inherently interdependent, so this study reveals that the radiation incident on the roof of a van can be 1.09–3.85 times greater than the radiation incident on its sides, according to varying meteorological conditions and different seasons. The current research serves as a valuable foundation for future investigations in this field, offering a targeted and practical overview of the work conducted thus far and summarizing the current state of research.

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How did the knowledge of CPV contribute to the standardization activity of VIPV?

Cited by 6 publications

References 48 publications

Vector-Based Advanced Computation for Photovoltaic Devices and Arrays: Numerical Reproduction of Unusual Behaviors of Curved Photovoltaic Devices

Vector-Based Advanced Computation for Photovoltaic Devices and Arrays: Numerical Reproduction of Unusual Behaviors of Curved Photovoltaic Devices

Curve correction of vehicle‐integrated photovoltaics using statistics on commercial car bodies

Investigation of Effective Factors on Vehicles Integrated Photovoltaic (VIPV) Performance: A Review

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