Standardization of pure beta emitters by liquid-scintillation counting

Pochwalski, K.; Broda, R.; Radoszewski, T.

doi:10.1016/0883-2889(88)90162-1

Cited by 71 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, it should be noted that the program calculates the total detection efficiency for the case of decay of 68 Ge in equilibrium with its 68 Ga daughter. To do this, the program was required to solve the TDCR equations [ 9 , 10 , 19 , 20 ] for the EC branch of the 68 Ge parent, as well as both the EC and positron decay of the 68 Ga daughter. A relatively simplistic model, considering twelve possible decay pathways, was adopted to describe the atomic transitions encountered in the EC decay of 68 Ge and 68 Ga.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods based on LS counting have another advantage in the context of measuring 68 Ge because the sample is introduced into the cocktail while still in solution, thereby eliminating the need to prepare dry sources. Seeking to take advantage of this, we have measured a single solution of 68 Ge/ 68 Ga using three LS-based methods: live-timed 4π β - γ anticoincidence (LTAC) using LS as the β counting channel, the Triple-to-Double Coincidence Ratio Method (TDCR) [ 9 , 10 ], and CNET [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardization of 68Ge/68Ga Using Three Liquid Scintillation Counting Based Methods

Zimmerman

Cessna

Fitzgerald

2008

J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.

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A solution containing 68Ge in equilibrium with its daughter, 68Ga, has been standardized for the first time at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) using 3 liquid scintillation-based techniques: live-timed 4πβ -γ anticoincidence (LTAC) counting, the Triple-to-Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR) method, and 3H-standard efficiency tracing with the CIEMAT1/NIST (CNET) method. The LTAC technique is much less dependent on level scheme data and model-dependent parameters and was thus able to provide a reference activity concentration value for the master solution with a combined standard uncertainty of about 0.3 %. The other two methods gave activity concentration values with respective differences from the reference value of +1.2 % and −1.5 %, which were still within the experimental uncertainties. Measurements made on the NIST “4π”γ secondary standard ionization chamber allowed for the determination of calibration factors for that instrument, allowing future calibrations to be made for 68Ge/68Ga without the need for a primary measurement. The ability to produce standardized solutions of 68Ge presents opportunities for the development of a number of NIST-traceable calibration sources with very low (<1 %) relative standard uncertainties that can be used in diagnostic medical imaging.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of 68Ge/68Ga Using Three Liquid Scintillation Counting Based Methods

Zimmerman

Cessna

Fitzgerald

2008

J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.

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“…The principal reasons for the interest are its advantages in simple sample preparation, good consistency and no self-absorption for  decay nuclide, especially 3 H which emits low energy . And the accuracy of activity determination using the LScounter has been considerably improved with the CIEMAT/ NIST efficiency tracing (CNET) method [1,2] and the tripleto-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) efficiency calculation technology [3][4][5] developed. Both methods use a similar model-the free parameter model, which is based on the statistical description of physical phenomena occurring in the LS counter [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of tritiated water by the CIEMAT/NIST and TDCR methods

Liu

Liang

et al. 2015

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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The activity of tritiated water has been standardized by two liquid scintillation counting methods: The CIEMAT/NIST method with the 54 Mn-standard efficiency tracing and the triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method. The samples were prepared with Ultima Gold TM AB liquid scintillation cocktail in low-potassium glass vials. In the application of the CIEMAT/ NIST method, the computer program EMILIA was used to calculate the efficiency of 3 H and 54 Mn according to the KL 1 L 2 L 3 M atomic rearrangement model. And the detection efficiency of the TDCR counter was calculated using TDCR07 code, which makes it possible to allow for the potential asymmetry between the three photomultiplier tubes. The influence of stopping power and kB factor is discussed in the paper. When a power approach is adopted for the stopping power for electrons below 1 keV and kB is chosen to be 0.0075 cm/MeV, the relative deviation will be only 0.3% between the two methods. tritiated water, the CIEMAT/NIST method, the TDCR method, kB factor; the stopping power, liquid scintillation counting Citation:Wu Y L, Liu H R, Liang J C, et al. Standardization of tritiated water by the CIEMAT/NIST and TDCR methods.

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“…It is well known that with either the triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method [1][2][3][4][5] or CIEMAT/ NIST method [6][7][8], the discrimination level has to be set just before the single photoelectron peak so that all single photoelectron pulses caused by disintegration are counted as required by the detection efficiency calculation model. If a significant fraction of these pulses is rejected by the discriminator, the experimental detection efficiency is no longer equal to the theoretically calculated detection efficiency, and an error may occur in the obtained parameter, the figure of merit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%