Standardization of Alternative Methods for Nanogenotoxicity Testing inDrosophila melanogasterUsing Iron Nanoparticles: A Promising Link to Nanodosimetry

Abstract

The remarkable advancement of nanotechnology has triggered enormous production of metal nanoparticles and nanomaterials for diverse applications in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. Nanotechnology has facilitated understanding and analysing nanotoxicology in a holistic approach. Iron nanoparticles have been of special interest in recent research owing to their dynamic, paramagnetic, and catalytic properties. Research studies (in vitromodel) have demonstrated the lack of toxicity in nanoiron. The present study design involvesin vivotoxicity assessment of nanoiron at specific concentrations of 0.1 mM, 1 mM, 5 mM, and 10 mM inDrosophila. DNA fragmentation assay in exposed and F1 population showed first-line toxicity to flies. Viability and reproductive ability were assessed at 24-hour and 48-hour intervals and thus indicated no statistical significance between the exposed and control groups. The wing spot assay has expressed transparent lack of toxicity in the studied concentrations of nanoiron. Protein profiling has demonstrated that the protein profiles have been intact in the larvae which confirm lack of toxicity of nanoiron. This leads to concluding that nanoiron at the defined concentrations is neither genotoxic nor mutagenic.

Human Hazard Assessment Using Drosophila Wing Spot Test as an Alternative In Vivo Model for Genotoxicity Testing—A Review

“…Gold nanoparticles --20-30 µg/mL, all of doses inconclusive in ST cross, whereby all of concentrations lack genotoxicity in HB cross [113] Iron oxide nanoparticle (<50 nm) + nd 1-10 mM, inconclusive at 2 and 5 mM, positive at 1 and 10 mM [114] Iron oxide nanoparticle (<100 nm) -nd 1-10 mM, inconclusive at 1 mM and lack genotoxicity 2-10 mM [114] Iron nanoparticles -nd 0.1-10 mM, all concentrations lack genotoxicity [115] Nickel oxide nanoparticles + + [116] nd-not determined, (-)-negative, and (+)-positive.…”