Standard Thermodynamic Properties, Biosynthesis Rates, and the Driving Force of Growth of Five Agricultural Plants

Abstract

Graphical AbstractIntercepted photosynthetic energy q is partly converted into usable photosynthetic energy, ΔpsG, with an efficiency μ. A part of ΔpsG is used for biosynthesis ΔbsG, which is represented by the growth reaction in the bottom, where “Bio” denotes newly formed live matter. The remaining energy is the driving force of growth, ΔDFG, used to make growth at a desired rate. The background for the figure was taken from Pixabay (https://www.pixabay.com/), image ID number: 4779065, under Pixabay license.

Biothermodynamic Key Opens the Door of Life Sciences: Bridging the Gap between Biology and Thermodynamics

“…Differences in chemical composition are a consequence of various mutation characteristics for various strains [Harvey et al, 2021]. Plants can also be represented by empirical formulas [Popovic and Minceva, 2021b].…”

Why doesn't Ebola virus cause pandemics like SARS-CoV-2?

“…Biosynthesis reactions are macrochemical equations that quantify growth of organisms, describing conversion of nutrients into new live matter and other metabolic products [ von Stockar, 2013a , 2013b ; Battley, 1998 , 2013 ]. Biosynthesis reactions have been used to study a wide range of organisms, including bacteria [Battley, 1992] , fungi [ Battley, 2013 , 1998 ], algae [Wang et al, 2017] , plants [Popovic and Minceva, 2021b] and viruses [ Popovic and Minceva, 2020a , 2020b , 2021a ]. Biosynthesis reactions for the analyzed viruses have the general form [ Popovic, 2022b ; Popovic and Minceva, 2020a , 2020b , 2021a ] …”

“…Viruses also represent open thermodynamic systems [ Popovic and Minceva, 2020a , 2020b ; Maskow et al, 2010 ; Guosheng et al, 2003 ; Popovic, 2022g ], which interact with their host cells and with other viruses [ Popovic and Popovic, 2022 ; Popovic and Minceva, 2021a ]. Host cells also represent thermodynamic systems [ Popovic and Minceva, 2021b , 2020c ]. Virus-host interactions occur at (a) the cell membrane (antigen receptor binding) [ Popovic, 2022a , 2022b ] and (b) in the cytoplasm (replication, transcription, translation and self-assembly) [Popovic and Minceva, 2020a] .…”

Formulas for death and life: Chemical composition and biothermodynamic properties of Monkeypox (MPV, MPXV, HMPXV) and Vaccinia (VACV) viruses

“…Biosynthesis reactions are macrochemical equations that quantify growth of organisms, describing conversion of nutrients into new live matter and other metabolic products [19,20,36,42]. Biosynthesis reactions have been used to study a wide range of organisms, including bacteria [37], fungi [36,42], algae [43], plants [44] and viruses [15][16][17]. Biosynthesis reactions for the analyzed viruses have the general form [9,[15][16][17] (Amino acid) + O 2 + HPO 4 2-+ HCO 3 -→ (Bio) + SO 4 2-+ H 2 O + H 2 CO 3 (10) Amino acids represent the carbon and energy source, and the nitrogen source [9,15,16,20].…”