Stan i perspektywy oraz uwarunkowania prawne funkcjonowania sektorów biopaliw transportowych w Polsce

Abstract

<jats:p>The current state and the future of the biofuels for transport sectors in Poland were presented in the paper. Because of the importance of legal conditions, crucial directives and acts affecting the shape of these sectors were discussed. The scoring multicriteria M.E. Porter method was used to research attractiveness of the national biofuel sectors, i.e. the sectors of biodiesel and bioethanol produced from edible material (so-called first gene­ration biofuels) as well as the sector of bioethanol produced from inedible material, mainly from lignocellulose (so-called second generation biofuel). Various factors of macro- and microenvironment of first generation biofuels caused regular reduction of their attractiveness. However, the sector of second generation bioethanol, which is not produced at industrial scale in Poland now, is characterized by relatively high and growing attractiveness. </jats:p>

Project of laboratory rectification column for periodic work

“…4). The pot of the column was selected from available materials with the assumed volume of 60 dm 3 . The tank is made of stainless steel, acid resistant AlSi304.…”

“…In 2009, the consumption of bioethanol as an additive for gasoline was at 293.6 thousand m 3 , of which 56% came from domestic production; the remainder came from imports. The total production of ethanol in Poland in this year amounted to 205.8 thousand m 3 . In 2009, there were 179 distilleries craft, of which 14 produced bioethanol as a bio component [2,3].…”

“…The total production of ethanol in Poland in this year amounted to 205.8 thousand m 3 . In 2009, there were 179 distilleries craft, of which 14 produced bioethanol as a bio component [2,3]. In 2016, 98 million litres of vodka were produced.…”

Wpływ metali nieżelaznych na stabilność oksydacyjną paliw do silników o zapłonie samoczynnym

“…Planuje się, że w 2020 r. skończy się promocja biopaliw produkowanych z surowców jadalnych, promowane będą tylko biopaliwa otrzymywane z wydajniejszych surowców niejadalnych (Kupczyk et al, 2017).…”

“…Unia Europejska dąży również do ograniczeń związanych z maksymalnym udziałem biopaliw pierwszej generacji. Wymagania te powodują, że polskie sektory biopaliw transportowych w najbliższych latach czeka wiele zmian (Kupczyk et al, 2017).…”