Stakeholders’ understanding and perceptions of bio-banding in junior-elite football training

Reeves, Matthew J.; Enright, Kevin; Dowling, Jack; Roberts, Simon J.

doi:10.1080/14660970.2018.1432384

Cited by 30 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Also, recategorized athletes have also reported that development-based categorization methods provided more opportunity for them to engage key psychological constructs (Cumming et al, 2018 ), deemed important when assessing talent (Towlson et al, 2019 ). In addition, parents of recategorized athletes have stated that they trusted coaches to do what is right for their child's development and that such methods would not be adopted if the staff did not believe there was any value in doing so (Reeves et al, 2018 ). Apart from physical development, there may also be other reasons to reallocate players to a younger age group such as cognitive maturity that cannot be captured with this new method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveling the Playing Field: A New Proposed Method to Address Relative Age- and Maturity-Related Bias in Soccer

Helsen¹,

Thomis²,

Starkes³

et al. 2021

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Despite various solutions proposed to solve the relative age effect (RAE), it is still a major problem confounding talent identification and selection processes. In the first phase, we sampled 302 under 7–21 academy soccer players from two Belgian professional soccer clubs to explore the potential of a new approach to solve the inequalities resulting from relative age- and maturity-related bias. This approach allocates players into four discrete quartile groups based on the midway point of their chronological and estimated developmental (ED) birth dates (calculated using the growth curves for stature of Belgian youth). With the use of chi square analyses, a RAE was found (p < 0.01) for the overall sample (Q1 = 41.4% vs. Q4 = 14.9%) that completely disappeared after reallocation (Q1 = 26.5%; Q2 = 21.9%; Q3 = 27.5%; Q4 = 24.2%). According to the new allocation method, the stature difference was reduced, on average, by 11.6 cm (from 24.0 ± 9.9 to 12.4 ± 3.4 cm, d = 1.57). Body mass difference between the two methods was 1.9 kg (20.1 ± 11.3–18.2 ± 13.1 kg, respectively, d = 0.15). The new method created a maximum chronological age difference of 1.9 vs. 0.8 years for the current method. With the use of this method, 47% of the players would be reallocated. Twenty-three percent would be moved up one age category, and 21% would be moved down. In the second phase, we also examined 80 UK academy soccer players to explore if reallocating players reduces the within-playing group variation of somatic and physical fitness characteristics. The percentage coefficient of variation (%CV) was reduced (0.2–10.1%) in 15 out of 20 metrics across U11–U16 age categories, with the U13 age category demonstrating the largest reductions (0.9–10.1%) in CV. The U12 and U13 age categories and associated reallocation groupings showed trivial to small (ES = 0.0–0.5) between-method differences and trivial to moderate (ES = 0.0–1.1) differences within the U14–U16 age categories. A reduction in RAE may lead to fewer dropouts and thus a larger player pool, which benefits, in turn, talent identification, selection, and development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveling the Playing Field: A New Proposed Method to Address Relative Age- and Maturity-Related Bias in Soccer

Helsen¹,

Thomis²,

Starkes³

et al. 2021

Front. Sports Act. Living

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“…Bio-banding is suggested to be of most value at the onset of adolescence, when maturity selection biases begin to emerge. Additional to the physical and technical demands discussed within the current study, Reeves et al [1] state it is vital to consider the psychological and social impact of bio-banding. Cumming et al [5] found late developers possessed a psychological advantage characterised by greater self-regulation, the result of regularly competing against relatively older athletes in chronological competition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large variation in physical maturity between athletes undergoing puberty creates challenges within the talent identification process. Soccer clubs potentially overlook talented youth athletes because, in competition, the physically mature may stop technical skills emerging in the physically less mature [1]. To allow equal opportunity and reduce injury risk, many sports have grouped athletes by age and body mass [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bio-Banding upon Physical and Technical Performance during Soccer Competition: A Preliminary Analysis

Abbott

Williams²,

Brickley

et al. 2019

Sports

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Bio-banded competition has been introduced to address the variation in physical maturity within soccer. To date, no research has investigated the effect of bio-banded competition relative to chronological competition. The current study investigated the effect of bio-banding upon physical and technical performance in elite youth soccer athletes. Twenty-five male soccer athletes (11–15 years) from an English Premier League soccer academy participated in bio-banded and chronological competition, with physical and technical performance data collected for each athlete. Athletes were between 85–90% of predicted adult stature, and sub-divided into early, on-time and late developers. For early developers, significantly more short passes, significantly less dribbles and a higher rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were evident during bio-banded competition compared to chronological competition (p < 0.05). Significantly more short passes and dribbles, and significantly fewer long passes were seen for on-time developers during bio-banded competition (p < 0.05). For late developers, significantly more tackles, and significantly fewer long passes were evident during bio-banded competition (p < 0.05). No significant differences in physical performance were identified between competition formats. Results demonstrated that bio-banded competition changed the technical demand placed upon athletes compared to chronological competition, without reducing the physical demands. Bio-banded competition can be prescribed to athletes of differing maturation groups dependent upon their specific developmental needs.

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“…The predicted mature stature (PMS) was the maturational indicator used to classify the judokas according to the maturational state. It has been used in investigations about the biological maturation effect on physical fitness of young people in general [38,41,42], in research focusing on youth performance in sport [43,44] and as a criterion for bio-banding in experimental training and tournaments [15][16][17] due to the advantages it presents compared to more valid but invasive indicators [45][46][47]. The PMS was calculated by the Khamis-Roche method [14].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predicted mature status (PMS), a noninvasive method to estimate somatic maturity [14], is the most current method employed to assess maturity. Studies and implementations of bio-banding, on the other hand, are limited to the training or unofficial tournaments of young male soccer players [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Banding in Judo: The Mediation Role of Anthropometric Variables on the Maturation Effect

Giudicelli

Luz

Söğüt

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Young judo athletes are bio-banding based on age and body mass and compete in weight classes. The purposes of this study were to investigate the influences of maturation on physical performance in young judokas through controlling the chronological age and body mass, and to examine the mediating role of anthropometric variables. Sixty-seven judokas, aged 11.0–14.7, were measured for 11 anthropometric and seven physical performance variables. Pearson partial correlations were conducted to verify the relationship between the maturational indicator and the dependent variables. Mediation analyses were performed to identify the extent to which anthropometric variables mediate the relationship. The maturation effect remained on the aerobic capacity and handgrip strength (p < 0.05). Fat mass (b = 80.335, 95%CI 11.580–204.270) and fat-free mass (b = 108.256, 95%CI 39.508–207.606) totally mediated the effect on aerobic capacity. Fat mass (b = 0.023, 95%CI 0.004–0.057), fat-free mass (b = 0.029, 95%CI 0.011–0.058), stature (b = 0.031, 95%CI 0.008–0.061), arm span (b = 0.021, 95%CI 0.003–0.044), and inferior members length (b = 0.022, 95%CI 0.005–0.049) totally mediated the effect on handgrip strength. The effect of biological maturation is noticeable even after age and body mass control, being mediated by anthropometric variables related to body composition and size.

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Stakeholders’ understanding and perceptions of bio-banding in junior-elite football training

Cited by 30 publications

References 52 publications

Leveling the Playing Field: A New Proposed Method to Address Relative Age- and Maturity-Related Bias in Soccer

Leveling the Playing Field: A New Proposed Method to Address Relative Age- and Maturity-Related Bias in Soccer

Effects of Bio-Banding upon Physical and Technical Performance during Soccer Competition: A Preliminary Analysis

Bio-Banding in Judo: The Mediation Role of Anthropometric Variables on the Maturation Effect

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