“…Some scholars, in particular those involved in Critical management studies, fear that Pragmatism may enhance already existing positivist and managerialist tendencies in current business ethics, intent on prescribing rules, codes and guidelines for managerial conduct that, however, do not touch on the nature of the capitalist production system, with its emphases on profit, efficiency and productivity (e.g., Painter-Morland and Ten Bos 2016;Parker 2003;Stokes 2011;Wray-Bliss 2009). Other scholars see more emancipatory potential in Pragmatism, arguing that it complements and supports stakeholder theory, in which managers and firms are exhorted to look beyond narrow shareholder interests to include environmental concerns and the interests of employees, clients and the communityat-large (e.g., Jacobs 2004;Parmar et al 2010;Wicks and Freeman 1998).…”