Stairwell smoke transport in a full-scale high-rise building: Influence of opening location

He, Junyi; Huang, Xinyan; Ning, Xiaoyao; Zhou, Ting; Wang, Jian; Yuen, Richard K.K.

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103151

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Based on the Froude-Stanton modeling, HRR of the 1/6 scale model is about 800 kW in the full scale model in [9]. HRR is about 360 kW in the full scale experiments in [23] and 2 MW in the current study. As shown in Figure 2, the temperature rise distribution performs the same variation tendency, and it increased with the increasing HRR.…”

Section: Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The mesh grid size was chosen to be 0.167 m in this study, which corresponds with previous studies [2,21,22]. To further verify the accuracy of the LES model, the vertical temperature distributions inside the staircase without external wind are compared with previous research [9,23], as shown in Figure 2. Qi et al [24] researched the similarity laws between the full and small scales model and obtained the modified Froude-Stanton modeling.…”

Section: Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoke Back-Layering Phenomenon under the Combined External Wind and Stack Effects in a Staircase

Wang

Chen

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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The external wind can change smoke movement patterns inside the staircase and affect smoke exhaust efficiency. This paper analyzes the smoke back-layering phenomenon in the staircase with open stair doors below the fire floor. The effect of the open stair door location and the heat release rate of fires and external wind velocities on smoke movement patterns are investigated numerically. The external wind ranges from 0–5.5 m/s. At 0 m/s, the smoke back-layering phenomenon driven by pressure difference can be found in the staircase with all stair doors closed. With the increasing wind velocity, four smoke behaviors are identified: upward moving smoke, first downward then upward moving smoke, downward moving smoke, and no smoke. Results show that the back-layering distance is mainly influenced by the external wind and heat release rate of fires. Correlations are modified and used to predict the longest back-layering distance with the first downward then upward moving smoke. This helps with arranging the smoke detectors inside a staircase and the fire safety design of high-rise buildings.

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Section: Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoke Back-Layering Phenomenon under the Combined External Wind and Stack Effects in a Staircase

Wang

Chen

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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“…When the temperature on the lower floors increased, the staircases became unsuitable for downward evacuation. The rise in temperature in the stairwell can be divided into lower and upper regions, depending on the location and attenuation effect of the upper opening 44 . The upward flow of hot air could be restrained by closing the staircase windows, thereby ensuring the safety of the residents on the upper floors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stack effects in tall building fires: a case study of Taiwan old apartment fire

Huang

Lin

Wang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Tainan, a city that prospered early in Taiwan, has a hot and humid atmosphere. Hence, the grilled doors in numerous old buildings for ventilation and lighting to conserve energy. This study analyzed a fire incident that occurred during the late night of March 17, 2019 in a 38-year-old dwelling, where three residents were severely covered with soot. The site investigation showed that eight staircases lead to the same basement, which apparently created a stack effect and a makeup air phenomenon. Numerical simulations have been performed in this study to reconstruct the fire scene, whose results were consistent with the actual fire scene. In particular, the results showed that some staircases in the fire were blackened by smoke, while others acted as makeup air inlets. The temperature at the households’ doors on all floors of Staircase 2, which was closest to the fire, exceeded 60 °C after four minutes. Furthermore, two immediately feasible improvement strategies according to the control volume theory of fluid mechanics were proposed in this study. Firstly, changing the grilled doors in the basement to a closed flat door style could effectively prevent smoke from flowing up in the staircases. Secondly, residents may consider closing the windows of the stairs at night to improve fire safety. The results showed that the chimney effect can be significantly reduced. These improvements could be a reference for other old dwellings to enhance their fire safety.

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Numerical simulation of smoke natural filling in ultra-thin and tall atrium

Wang

Zhang

2021

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

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Stairwell smoke transport in a full-scale high-rise building: Influence of opening location

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Smoke Back-Layering Phenomenon under the Combined External Wind and Stack Effects in a Staircase

Smoke Back-Layering Phenomenon under the Combined External Wind and Stack Effects in a Staircase

Stack effects in tall building fires: a case study of Taiwan old apartment fire

Numerical simulation of smoke natural filling in ultra-thin and tall atrium

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