Stages and levels of automation: An integrated meta-analysis

Wickens, Christopher D.; Li, Huiyang; Santamaria, Amy; Sebok, Angelia; Sarter, Nadine

doi:10.1037/e578652012-025

Cited by 24 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…While higher reliability improves task performance, it does not improve an operator's ability to detect automation failures. In fact, the higher the reliability of automation, the less likely it is that operators will recognize when it fails (Dixon & Wickens, 2006;Wickens et al, 2010). In fact, this is one of the ironies of automation identified by Bainbridge (1983) many years ago.…”

Section: Objective Task Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, one approach to manage this tradeoff may be to refrain from higher levels of automation (Kaber & Endsley, 2004). Higher automation reliability exaggerates this effect (probably due to complacency), impairing the operator's ability to detect automation degradation or failures (Dixon & Wickens, 2006;Wickens et al, 2010). Operators are less likely to monitor automation they consider reliable.…”

Section: Objective Task Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…HSI is key to whether operators detect the automation degradation or failure. Operator SA can minimize the "routine-failure tradeoff" discussed in Section 2.3.2.2 above; i.e., failures are better handled when operators have good SA regarding the system and automation state (Wickens et al, 2010). However, even if operators do monitor automation, the design of the operator's interface with the automation may not support monitoring needs and, may be misleading.…”

Section: Endsley's Sa Model (Shown Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wickens et al (2010) conducted a meta-analysis of 17 studies that examined the effect of level of automation on failure detection. They identified a "routine-failure tradeoff."…”

Section: Objective Task Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an Initial Model of Human-Automatio

Oxstrand¹,

O'Hara²,

Joe³

et al. 2013

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viii ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the commercial nuclear power industry are exploring alternatives to meet energy demands in the United States. As part of this mission, they are looking at small modular reactors (SMRs) and advanced small modular reactors (aSMRs). The DOE, and in particular, the Office of Nuclear Energy (NE) is sponsoring research and development (R&D) on small reactors, as evidenced by NE's 2010 Report to Congress, Nuclear Energy Research and Development Roadmap. In short, DOE-NE's mission is to assist in revitalization of the U.S. nuclear industry, including development of advanced designs, through R&D. By doing so, NE can help accelerate deployment of new plants in the short term, support development of advanced concepts for the medium term, and promote design of revolutionary systems for the long term.All aSMR designs will employ advanced digital instrumentation, controls, and human-machine interfaces (ICHMI), technology that is significantly more advanced that existing analog systems in the light water reactor fleet. The U.S. DOE recognizes that ICHMI research, development, and demonstration is needed to address the specific technical challenges and technological gaps of ICHMI for aSMR designs. The new aSMRs will be designed to utilize new automation and instrumentation and control technologies, and there are a number of concerns about how those technologies will affect human performance and the overall safety of the plant. It is expected that aSMRs will rely on automation to a greater extent than the current nuclear power plant fleet. However, there are many issues and concerns that still need to be addressed related to how automation should be designed and implemented. For example, further researcher is needed to address how humans and automation will collaborate under various operational conditions.The Human-Automation Collaboration (HAC) research project is one of three research efforts related to investigating how the advanced technologies planned for aSMR designs will affect human factors and human performance. Given the increased use of automation in aSMR designs, the HAC research project is investigating the consequences of allocating functions between the operators and automated systems. The research effort addresses the questions of what the collaboration level should be and how it should be implemented to have the greatest positive impact on overall plant performance and safety. The research project is also developing a model of HAC, which will support aSMR designers when evaluating their proposed approach for conduct of operations in terms of how humans and automation collaborate. The research results will inform the integration and cooperation between plant staff and automation, with the purpose of maximizing productivity and safe operations of aSMRs. One key research goal is providing a technical basis to support the reduction in aSMR operations and maintenance costs through reduced staffing per unit, which is made possible by greater integration ...

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Section: Objective Task Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Objective Task Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endsley's Sa Model (Shown Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wickens et al (2010) conducted a meta-analysis of 17 studies that examined the effect of level of automation on failure detection. They identified a "routine-failure tradeoff."…”

Section: Objective Task Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development of an Initial Model of Human-Automatio

Oxstrand¹,

O'Hara²,

Joe³

et al. 2013

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“…First, it is not inevitable that controller performance will be worse in more automated systems -e.g. see Wickens et al (2010). Second, these kinds of issue are not new to aviation -or indeed to other safety critical industries.…”

Section: F U T U R E 4 D a I R T R A F F I C M A N A G E M E N T Co Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Will Cost-Effectiveness Decisions Determine Future 4D Air Traffic Management Concepts?

Brooker¹

2014

J. Navigation

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Would an increased emphasis on cost-effectiveness and markedly reduced controller workload/costs determine the Four-Dimensional Air Traffic Management (4D ATM) Concept – a mindset change? Are there workable concepts that focus on flightpath conformance monitoring rather than a combination of conformance and hazard monitoring? Fundamental criteria for a conformance management-based system are identified to meet workload and cost goals. A ‘Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/Feedback Concept’ is sketched, with radical ingredients to convert GNSS's accurate position fixes into accurate aircraft flightpath navigation. This eliminates air/ground trajectory synchronisation processing, and focuses conflict probing/planning tools on non-conforming flights. This concept would need to address key Human Factor concerns satisfactorily.

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A framework for the application of standards, recommendations, and research on large screen displays in the function of new control rooms design

Grozdanović

Bijelic

Janjić

2021

Process Safety Progress

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Existing display systems in most control rooms in Serbia are built on obsolete technology. To enable functional monitoring by the operators, these control rooms need to be redesigned using modern technology in a way that will optimize human interaction with the control system. This paper provides a review of published literature regarding large screen displays as well as guidance from pertinent industry standards. A significant part of this paper discusses an analysis of a new display system design in the control room. Topics analyzed include the optimal dimensions of display systems, coding of visual information, colors used on display systems, interaction between the operator and the display system, and description of the content presented on display systems. This research represents a guideline for the future design of new control rooms in Serbia's railway, mining, electric power systems, and soybean flakes production.

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Stages and levels of automation: An integrated meta-analysis

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Development of an Initial Model of Human-Automatio

Development of an Initial Model of Human-Automatio

Will Cost-Effectiveness Decisions Determine Future 4D Air Traffic Management Concepts?

A framework for the application of standards, recommendations, and research on large screen displays in the function of new control rooms design

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