Stage IV Colorectal Cancer Management and Treatment

Abstract

(1) Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Up to 50% of patients with CRC develop metastatic CRC (mCRC). Surgical and systemic therapy advances can now offer significant survival advantages. Understanding the evolving treatment options is essential for decreasing mCRC mortality. We aim to summarize current evidence and guidelines regarding the management of mCRC to provide utility when making a treatment plan for the heterogenous spectrum of mCRC. (2) Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and current guidelines written by major cancer and surgical societies were reviewed. The references of the included studies were screened to identify additional studies that were incorporated as appropriate. (3) Results: The standard of care for mCRC primarily consists of surgical resection and systemic therapy. Complete resection of liver, lung, and peritoneal metastases is associated with better disease control and survival. Systemic therapy now includes chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy options that can be tailored by molecular profiling. Differences between colon and rectal metastasis management exist between major guidelines. (4) Conclusions: With the advances in surgical and systemic therapy, as well as a better understanding of tumor biology and the importance of molecular profiling, more patients can anticipate prolonged survival. We provide a summary of available evidence for the management of mCRC, highlighting the similarities and presenting the difference in available literature. Ultimately, a multidisciplinary evaluation of patients with mCRC is crucial to selecting the appropriate pathway.

Advances in Precision Medicine Approaches for Colorectal Cancer: From Molecular Profiling to Targeted Therapies

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Focused Ultrasound as Targeted Therapy for Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

“…This improves the accessibility of immune-based therapies [44]. The initial clinical investigation into the immunological impacts of HIFU in colorectal cancer revealed elevated natural killer (NK) cell activity and an increased abundance of TILs after thermal HIFU treatment [45]. The study involved 15 patients, averaging 62 years of age, with an average tumor size of 5.6 cm, who underwent ablative thermal HIFU using the FEP-BY01 system.…”

Silymarin-Loaded Tin(IV) Nanoparticles Exhibit Enhanced Bioavailability and Antiproliferative Effects on Colorectal Cancer Cells

“…Colorectal cancer-related morbidity and mortality are still serious public health concerns, regardless of improvements and advances in diagnosis and treatment strategies. − On a global scale, colorectal cancer is the third malignant disease and the second leading cause of death with 1931 million new cases around the world and 935,173 deaths due to this malignancy. , Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the most common treatment strategies for human colorectal cancer. However, these approaches have been revealed to exert untoward side effects on healthy cells and induce drug resistance .…”