Stage-dependent toxicity of bisphenol a onRhinella arenarum(anura, bufonidae) embryos and larvae

Abstract

The acute and chronic toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA) was evaluated on the common South American toad Rhinella arenarum embryos and larvae by means of continuous and pulse exposure treatments. Embryos were treated continuously from early blastula (S.4) up to complete operculum (S.25), during early larval stages and by means of 24 h pulse exposures of BPA in concentrations ranging between 1.25 and 40 mg L(-1) , in order to evaluate the susceptibility to this compound in different developmental stages. For lethal effects, S.25 was the most sensitive and gastrula was the most resistant to BPA. The Teratogenic Index for neurula, the most sensitive embryonic stage for sublethal effects was 4.7. The main morphological alterations during early stages were: delayed or arrested development, reduced body size, persistent yolk plug, microcephaly, axial/tail flexures, edemas, blisters, waving fin, underdeveloped gills, mouth malformations, and cellular dissociation. BPA caused a remarkable narcotic effect from gill circulation stage (S.20) onwards in all the organisms exposed after 3 h of treatment with 10 mg L(-1) BPA. After recovering, the embryos exhibited scarce response to stimuli, erratic or circular swimming, and spasmodic contractions from 5 mg L(-1) onwards. Our results highlight the lethal and sublethal effectsof BPA on R. arenarum embryos and larvae, in the last case both at structural and functional levels.

Toxicological aspects of photocatalytic degradation of selected xenobiotics with nano-sized Mn-doped TiO2

“…On the other hand, our test results showed that BPA is moderately toxic in embryos and tadpoles of X. laevis. This lethal effect might be related to the narcotic effects of BPA due to gill circulation, as suggested by Wolkowicz et al (2014). However, no teratogenicity was determined, even in the highest concentrations, in the FETAX assays.…”

An assay to determine the sensitive window of embryos to chemical exposure using Xenopus tropicalis

“…). It is also a good choice to use developmental stages in some specific studies (Aronzon et al ., ; Hutler Wolkowicz et al ., ).…”

“…Similarly, the toxicity of xenobiotics to embryos is dependent not only on type, level and duration of exposure but also on developmental stages of exposure (González‐Doncel et al ., ; Burggren and Mueller, ). Stage‐specific susceptibility to chemical exposure has been proven to exist in embryogenesis of several aquatic organisms such as the sea urchin (Cima et al ., ), fish (González‐Doncel et al ., ; Mattsson et al ., ; Shi et al ., ) and frog (Aronzon et al ., ; Svartz et al ., ; Hutler Wolkowicz et al ., ).…”

Developmental toxicity of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (epoxide resin badge) during the early life cycle of a native amphibian species

“…Narcosis is an interesting effect with potential ecotoxicological consequences that might be brought about by numerous structurally unrelated chemicals in relation to their high octanol–water partition coefficients . Bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin, chemicals used to synthesize the BADGE epoxy resin can also cause induced narcosis on R. arenarum larvae .…”