Stable transverse mode emission in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers antiguided by amorphous GaAs layer

High-power single-mode antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide-type vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

“…On the other hand, negative-index waveguides (antiguides) with a large built-in modal discrimination (higher order modes have significantly higher edge radiation losses) is a natural choice for large spot-size single-mode operation. Although antiguided VCSELs have been demonstrated to be capable of operating single mode up to very high driving currents [6]- [9], output powers were low, due to the high-edge radiation losses for the fundamental mode. In order to reduce the radiation loss in one-dimensional (1-D) antiguided waveguide systems, a few pairs of lateral reflectors has been introduced to reflect back the lateral leaky waves from the antiguided core [10], [11].…”

Generation of single transverse modes in a commercial multimode VCSEL by the beam-profile adapted optical feedback

“…In addition, the transverse mode dynamics of the VCSEL is very rich [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] , and is also expected to be applied widely, including the optical communication and interconnects 1 . On the side of the VCSEL's fundamental transverse mode, several control strategies have been proposed 9,10 . For example, an investigation was performed on the multimode dynamics and transverse-mode selection in VCSELs by the weak optical feedback in an external-cavity configuration 11 , a numerical study of the effects of the optical feedback on the static and dynamic characteristics of VCSELs under both single-mode and two-mode operations was reported 12 , and a theoretical model of transverse-mode control taking into account the distributions of carriers, optical field, and temperature was carried out 13 .…”

Modal characteristics of ARROW-type vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

“…The large built-in index step ( ) provides for mode stability against carrier and thermally induced index variations above threshold. Antiguided VCSELs have been fabricated either by surrounding a low-index core region with a high-index material via a regrowth process [7], [9], or by shifting the cavity resonance toward a longer wavelength outside the core to create an effective low-index core region [8]. The latter structure relies on the cavity-induced index step proposed by Hadley [10].…”

“…The latter structure relies on the cavity-induced index step proposed by Hadley [10]. Although these devices display promising results, such as single-mode operation up to [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] for diameters as large as 16 m, the power has been limited to less than 2 mW because of the relatively large radiation loss incurred for the fundamental mode, which is inherent to the antiguide structure.…”