Stable Electron Beam Evaporation of Indium

Koren, H. W.; Lang, R.

doi:10.1063/1.1684549

Cited by 3 publications

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“…The flow of indium is due to the pressure difference between the columns at the closed end in comparison to that of the open end of the IO nanotubes. The electron-beam-induced melting or evaporation of indium in nanotubes has been reported in literature. , It is important to note that local heating of the indium with an electron beam elevates both temperature and pressure and the complex phase of indium liquid and indium vapor may coexist in the closed column. , The solubility of different gases in liquid metals has been reported by researchers. , Specifically, there are reports on the solubility and diffusivity of oxygen in liquid indium . We have also observed that the growth under reducing ambient (ethanol) results in the hydrogen incorporation in IO tubular nanostructures .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Retardation of Liquid Indium Flow in Indium Oxide Nanotubes

et al. 2010

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High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis carried out on indium oxide nanotubes grown by a chemical vapor deposition technique show the presence of indium metal segments along the indium oxide (IO) nanotube axis having one end closed. A real-time HRTEM video in continuous mode imaging has been carried out to study the directional flow of liquid indium. Electron-beam-induced heating results in the increase in indium vapor pressure and desorption of gases at the closed end of the IO nanotubes. This buildup of differential pressure between open and closed columns leads to the flow of indium away from the closed end of the IO nanotube. Interestingly, the indium flow rate was observed to decrease from 2.8 to 0.3 nm/s with a corresponding decrease in the nanotubes’ diameter from 138 to 38 nm. This study indicates that the wetting properties of the liquid−host nanotube interface critically decides the fluid dynamics at nanoscale, and depending upon the interfacial properties, enhancement or retardation of flow can be observed on the reduction of the nanotube diameter.

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