Stable carbon isotope ratio of tree leaves, boles and fine litter in a tropical forest in Rondônia, Brazil

Martinelli, Luiz Antônio; Almeida, Samuel; Brown, I. Foster; Moreira, Marcelo Zacharias; Victória, Reynaldo Luiz; Sternberg, L. O.; Ferreira, Cid; Thomas, Wm. Wayt

doi:10.1007/s004420050433

Cited by 99 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The variation in foliar d 13 C among co-occurring species revealed in the present study is comparable to levels of interspecific within-site variation found in other terra firme forests in the Amazon Basin (e.g., 9 to 12% at four forest sites (see Figure 1 in Ometto et al 2006), 8% at a forest site in southern Amazonia (Martinelli et al 1998)). One of the explanations for large within-site variation in d 13 C is the ''canopy effect'' that causes leaves closer to the forest floor to have more 13 C-depleted d 13 C signatures relative to leaves in the upper canopy.…”

Section: Interspecific Isotopic Variationsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Generally, non-photosynthetic tissues in C 3 plants are 13 C-enriched relative to leaves (Cernusak et al 2009). Paired wood and leaf samples of trees in a terra firme forest in the southwestern Amazon revealed variation in d 13 C (range ¼ -0.85 to þ 9%, n ¼ 33 trees; Martinelli et al 1998) larger than that observed in the vá rzea of the Tarapoto Lakes complex. Although the pattern of 13 C enrichment in wood relative to leaves appears to be widespread across diverse taxa and ecosystems, causal mechanisms remain poorly understood (Bowling et al 2008), and a combination of processes likely contribute to this pattern (Cernusak et al 2009).…”

Section: Within-plant Isotopic Variationmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Isotopic variation among Amazonian floodplain woody plants and implications for food-web research

Correa

Winemiller

2016

Biota Neotrop.

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Isotopic variation within food sources adds uncertainty to models intended to reconstruct trophic pathways. Understanding this variation is pivotal for planning sampling protocols for food-web research. This study investigates natural variation in C and N stable isotopes among plant species in two western Amazon flooded forests with contrasting watershed biogeochemistry (white-water vá rzea-forest and black-water igapó -forest 13 C values of leaves and fruits were not statistically different between the two sites despite regional differences in biogeochemistry and floristic composition. In contrast, mean d 15 N of leaves and fruits were significantly lower at the vá rzea than at the igapó site. The high floristic diversity of both forests was reflected in large within-site interspecific variation in both d 13 C and d 15 N. Paired comparisons revealed that d 13 C of wood and fruits and d 15 N of fruits were generally greater than values obtained for leaves from the same plant. The predicted contribution of different carbon sources to the consumer biomass changed between models as a function of source variability. We discuss implications of source variation for designing sampling protocols, interpreting isotopic signatures, and establishing trophic links between plants and consumers. Our findings highlight the importance of in situ sampling to establish reliable primary production baselines for local food webs. Keywords: Stable isotopes, Igapó, Várzea, Fruits, Food web, Mixing model. CORREA, S.B., WINEMILLER, K., CÁ RDENAS, D. Variación isotópica entre plantas leñosas de planicies de inundación del Amazonas e implicaciones para la investigación de red tróficas. Biota Neotropica. 16(2): e20150078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2015-0078Resumo: La variació n isotó pica dentro de fuentes alimenticias añ ade incertidumbre a los modelos destinados a reconstruir redes tró ficas. La comprensió n de esta variació n es fundamental para la planificació n de protocolos de muestreo para la investigació n de redes alimentarias. Este estudio investiga la variació n natural en isó topos estables de C y N entre especies de plantas en dos bosques inundables de la Amazonía noroccidental con biogeoquímica de cuenca contrastantes (vá rzea-bosques de aguas blanca e igapó -bosques de aguas negras). Nuestros objetivos fueron comparar las señ ales isotó picas de d 13 C y d 15 N de hojas y frutos entre bosques; evaluar la magnitud de la variació n en la composició n isotó pica de hojas (vá rzea: 28 spp., Igapó : 10 spp.) y frutas (vá rzea:. 22 spp, igapó : 22 spp.) a nivel local; determinar la variació n en la composició n isotó pica de madera, hojas y frutas dentro de una planta; y evaluar si la variació n inter-específica en los valores de d 13 C y d 15 N ejerce influencia sobre los resultados de modelos que predicen la contribució n de fuentes de alimentos terrestres a un consumidor acuá tico. Los valores promedio de d 13 C en hojas y frutos no fueron estadísticamente diferentes entre los dos tipos de bosque a pesar ...

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Section: Interspecific Isotopic Variationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Within-plant Isotopic Variationmentioning

confidence: 80%

Isotopic variation among Amazonian floodplain woody plants and implications for food-web research

Correa

Winemiller

2016

Biota Neotrop.

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“…The water-use ef®ciency of Palaeozoic plants was calculated with the isotopic composition of atmospheric CO 2 used during photosynthesis (d 13 29 . Plant water-use ef®ciency was calculated as p CO2 3 1 2 2 ¢ a= 2 b a=1:6 where a is fractionation associated with diffusion (4.4½), b is fractionation associated with Rubisco (27½) and 1.6 is the ratio of gaseous diffusivities of CO 2 and water vapour in the air 16 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of leaf-form in land plants linked to atmospheric CO2 decline in the Late Palaeozoic era

Beerling

Osborne

Chaloner

2001

Nature

243

151

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“…This included a total of 15 gymnosperm and 23 angiosperm species, although we note that three publications from the Amazon sampled across a large numbers of species (Broadmeadow et al 1992;Martinelli et al 1998;Ometto et al 2002), which we combined for analyses. After separation of all the individual datasets within publications (i.e.…”

Section: Global Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships Between Tree Height and Carbon Isotope Discrimination

et al. 2011

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Understanding how tree size impacts leaf-and crown-level gas exchange is essential to predicting forest yields and carbon and water budgets. The stable carbon isotope ratio (d 13 C) of organic matter has been used to examine the relationship of gas exchange to tree size for a host of species because it carries a temporally integrated signature of foliar photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The carbon isotope composition of leaves reflects discrimination against 13 C relative to 12 C during photosynthesis and is the net result of the balance of change in CO 2 supply and demand at the sites of photosynthesis within the leaf mesophyll. Interpreting the patterns of changes in d 13 C with tree size are not always clear, however, because multiple factors that regulate gas exchange and carbon isotope discrimination (D) co-vary with height, such as solar irradiance and hydraulic conductance. Here we review 36 carbon isotope datasets from 38 tree species and conclude that there is a consistent, linear decline of D with height. The most parsimonious explanation of this result is that gravitational constraints on maximum leaf water potential set an ultimate boundary on the shape and sign of the relationship. These hydraulic constraints are manifest both over the long term through impacts on leaf structure, and over diel periods via impacts on stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and leaf hydraulic conductance. Shading induces a positive offset to the linear decline, consistent with light limitations reducing carbon fixation and increasing partial pressures of CO 2 inside of the leaf, p c at a given height. Biome differences between tropical and temperate forests were more important in predicting D and its relationship to height than wood type associated with being an angiosperm or gymnosperm. It is not yet clear how leaf internal conductance varies with leaf mass area, but some data in particularly tall, temperate conifers suggest that photosynthetic capacity may not vary dramatically with height when compared between tree-tops, while stomatal and leaf internal conductances do decline in unison with height within canopy gradients. It is also clear that light is a critical variable low in the canopy, whereas hydrostatic constraints dominate the relationship between D and height in the upper canopy. The trend of increasing maximum height with decreasing minimum D suggests that trees that become particularly tall may be adapted to tolerate particularly low values of p c .

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Stable carbon isotope ratio of tree leaves, boles and fine litter in a tropical forest in Rondônia, Brazil

Cited by 99 publications

References 34 publications

Isotopic variation among Amazonian floodplain woody plants and implications for food-web research

Isotopic variation among Amazonian floodplain woody plants and implications for food-web research

Evolution of leaf-form in land plants linked to atmospheric CO2 decline in the Late Palaeozoic era

Relationships Between Tree Height and Carbon Isotope Discrimination

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