Stabilized Wide Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells by Tin Substitution

Yang, Zhibin; Rajagopal, Adharsh; Jo, Sae Byeok; Chueh, Chu Chen; Williams, Selvi B; Huang, Chün; Katahara, John K.; Hillhouse, Hugh W.; Jen, Alex K.‐Y.

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03857

Cited by 209 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, precursor engineering that either mixed individual Sn and Pb based precursors or blended with additives (such as chloride, Rb, and Cs) would be employed to tune the crystallization. These Sn‐Pb binary perovskite precursor films generally spin‐coated on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(p‐styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) substrates would be washed/immersed by anti‐solvents, including toluene, anisole or diethyl ether, and annealed . Meanwhile, Sn‐Pb binary perovskite films can be formed by two‐step solution‐process methods.…”

Section: Crystallization Properties and Applications Of Low‐bandgapmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystallization, Properties, and Challenges of Low‐Bandgap Sn–Pb Binary Perovskites

Zhu

Choy

2018

Solar RRL

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Solution‐process and low‐temperature perovskites have motivated a broad range of interests and intensive studies for applications in solar cells (SCs) and photodetectors (PDs). Perovskite SCs with the bandgap of ≈1.5 eV currently exhibit the certified efficiency over 22% comparable with those of established thin film technologies. Meanwhile, perovskite PDs achieve superb performances in the visible region compared with commercial Si PDs. Partial substitution of Sn into Pb‐based perovskites can tune the absorption to near‐infrared (NIR) region, which would achieve an ideal‐bandgap perovskite approaching the Shockley–Queisser‐efficiency limit, low‐bandgap perovskite‐based bottom subcells in tandem devices (≈1.2 eV), and NIR photodetection. Here, various crystallization methods for growing low‐bandgap Sn–Pb binary perovskites are presented. Their impacts on morphology, crystallinity, preferred orientation, carrier lifetimes, Urbach energy, and stability of the resultant Sn–Pb binary perovskites are highlighted. Then, a description is given of single‐junction, 2‐terminal, and 4‐terminal SCs using these perovskites as absorbers, which achieve up‐to‐date efficiencies of 17.8%, 18.4%, and 21.2%, respectively. The current development of ultraviolet–visible–NIR PDs using these perovskites is also discussed. Furthermore, the challenges in controlling inter‐grain Sn/Pb element distributions and perovskite stability, which will influence performance and stability of Sn–Pb perovskite‐based devices, are presented. Finally, potential prospects are discussed for advancing low‐bandgap Sn–Pb binary perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices.

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Section: Crystallization Properties and Applications Of Low‐bandgapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, partial Sn substitution (25 mol%) in the wide‐bandgap MAPb(I/Br) 3 perovskite system could improve the phase stability of I/Br‐based perovskites . Similarly, wide‐bandgap CsPb 0.9 Sn 0.1 IBr 2 perovskite films could stabilize the perovskite phase and enhance endurance against heat and moisture .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization, Properties, and Challenges of Low‐Bandgap Sn–Pb Binary Perovskites

Zhu

Choy

2018

Solar RRL

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“…However, recently several studies, using different perovskite systems, have shown a good correlation between reduced microstrain and enhanced optoelectronic properties. [16,43,44] We suggest that either microstrain itself, or the crystal defects responsible for microstrain, or both are closely related to the defects responsible for negating high optoelectronic quality in these materials. Hence, with respect to attempting to realize an ideal perovskite semiconductor, minimizing microstrain in the polycrystalline thin films is likely to be a good metric to assess, and lead to improved optoelectronic quality.…”

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confidence: 94%

Crystallization Kinetics and Morphology Control of Formamidinium–Cesium Mixed‐Cation Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskite via Tunability of the Colloidal Precursor Solution

et al. 2017

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spin-coating, [2,3] two-step interdiffusion, [4] dip-coating, [4] inkjet printing, [5,6] and spray pyrolysis. [7] These solution-based fabrication methods of perovskite films have been used in a variety of devices ranging from field-effect transistors, [8] light-emitting devices (LED), [9] photodetectors, [10,11] to solar cells. [2][3][4]12] Although most perovskite thin films are fabricated using a saltbased precursor solution, little effort has been dedicated to characterizing the structure and time-dependent evolution of the species present in solution and the impact this has on the quality of the resulting films. Furthermore, it has been shown that additives to the precursor solution can impact the nucleation rate, morphology, grain size, and crystallinity of the perovskite. Additives, such as polymers, [13] small molecules, [14,15] metal ions, [16] water, [17] or acids, [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] can play a vital role in material quality, enabling improvements in material stability, optoelectronic properties, and photovoltaic performance.Work by Yan et al. characterized the 1:1 CH 3 NH 3 I:PbI 2 stoichiometric precursor solution as a colloidal dispersion in a mother solution, rather than a pure solution. [25] When fabricated on planar substrate, this colloidal solution forms films with poor morphology, due to the presence of rodshaped colloids comprised of a soft coordination complex in the form of a lead polyhalide framework. [25] The authors show that the colloid distribution can be tuned by varying the organic to inorganic compound ratio in the precursor solution, using excess CH 3 NH 3 I (MAI) and CH 3 NH 3 Cl (MACl). However, the authors were unable to remove the 1D PbI 2 rod-like structures in the widely used stoichiometric 1:1 precursor solution. Adding excess organic cation to dissolve these colloids may be incompatible with recently published mixed-cation perov skites that contain both organic and inorganic cations, [26][27][28][29] since this will alter the precise [HC(NH 2 ) 2 ] + (formamidinium, FA) to Cs ratio, which is required to form the appropriate perovskite composition. In addition, FAI has a lower effective volatility than MACl, for instance, and hence excess quantities will not be so readily removed. Herein, we address this problem by utilizing acidic additives to trigger the dissolution of the Perovskite Solar CellsIn recent years, metal halide perovskite solar cells have gained tremendous attention, reaching certified efficiencies of 22.1% power conversion efficiency. [1] This rapid success is partly due to a versatile solution-based fabrication process which allows for a wide range of deposition techniques such as:

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“…When exposed to moisture, the perovskite structure tend to hydrolyse6, undergoing irreversible degradation and decomposing back into the precursors, for example, the highly hygroscopic CH 3 NH 3 X and CH(NH 2 ) 2 X salts and PbX 2 , with X=halide, a process that can be dramatically accelerated by heat, electric field and ultraviolet exposure78. Material instability can be controlled to a certain extent using cross-linking additives9 or by compositional engineering10, that is, adding a combination of Pb(CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 ·3H 2 O and PbCl 2 in the precursors11 or using cation cascade, including Cs and Rb cations, as recently demonstrated23, to reduce the material photo-instability and/or optimize the film morphology. However, solar cell degradation is not only due by the poor stability of the perovskite layers, but can be also accelerated by the instability of the other layers of the solar cell stack.…”

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confidence: 99%

One-Year stable perovskite solar cells by 2D/3D interface engineering

et al. 2017

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Despite the impressive photovoltaic performances with power conversion efficiency beyond 22%, perovskite solar cells are poorly stable under operation, failing by far the market requirements. Various technological approaches have been proposed to overcome the instability problem, which, while delivering appreciable incremental improvements, are still far from a market-proof solution. Here we show one-year stable perovskite devices by engineering an ultra-stable 2D/3D (HOOC(CH2)4NH3)2PbI4/CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite junction. The 2D/3D forms an exceptional gradually-organized multi-dimensional interface that yields up to 12.9% efficiency in a carbon-based architecture, and 14.6% in standard mesoporous solar cells. To demonstrate the up-scale potential of our technology, we fabricate 10 × 10 cm2 solar modules by a fully printable industrial-scale process, delivering 11.2% efficiency stable for >10,000 h with zero loss in performances measured under controlled standard conditions. This innovative stable and low-cost architecture will enable the timely commercialization of perovskite solar cells.

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Stabilized Wide Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells by Tin Substitution

Cited by 209 publications

References 35 publications

Crystallization, Properties, and Challenges of Low‐Bandgap Sn–Pb Binary Perovskites

Crystallization, Properties, and Challenges of Low‐Bandgap Sn–Pb Binary Perovskites

Crystallization Kinetics and Morphology Control of Formamidinium–Cesium Mixed‐Cation Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskite via Tunability of the Colloidal Precursor Solution

One-Year stable perovskite solar cells by 2D/3D interface engineering

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