“…In particular, ion nitriding of austenitic stainless steels [1][2][3] presents the attractive that, under certain processing conditions, a phase known as expanded austenite [4,5], phase "S" [6] or γ N [7,8] is rapidly developed. This surface modification can be seen as a shift to lower reflection angles of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks corresponding principally to the (111) and (200) orientation planes of austenite (base material).…”