Stability Study of Emulsion Liquid Membrane via Emulsion Size and Membrane Breakage on Acetaminophen Removal from Aqueous Solution Using TOA

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explore the emulsion liquid membrane stability for acetaminophen (ACTP) removal from aqueous solution. In this work, the membrane phase was prepared by dissolving trioctylamine (TOA) with kerosene and Span80. The stability of the emulsion in terms of emulsion size, membrane breakage, and its efficiency in removing ACTP was considered for the optimization of parameters. Investigation on the stability of emulsion was carried out by manipulating the concentration of stripping agent, agitation speed, extraction time, and treat ratio. The best condition to produce a very stable emulsion was achieved at 0.1 M of stripping agent concentration, with 300 rpm of agitation speed for 3 min of extraction time with a treat ratio of 3:1. Eighty-five percent of ACTP successfully stripped into the emulsion with minimum membrane breakage of 0.17% through this experiment.

Vegetable Oil–Ionic Liquid-Based Emulsion Liquid Membrane for the Removal of Lactic Acid from Aqueous Streams: Emulsion Size, Membrane Breakage, and Stability Study

“…Moreover, an excessive amount of stripping agent induces differences in ionic strength, due to which water molecules start to leak, exacerbating the breakage. Similar results were reported in the literature for acetaminophen extraction . A similar behavior was observed for the extraction of lactic acid where 0.1 N NaOH was found optimum for the development of an effective ELM .…”

“…Similar results were reported in the literature for acetaminophen extraction. 36 A similar behavior was observed for the extraction of lactic acid where 0.1 N NaOH was found optimum for the development of an effective ELM. 37 Therefore, 0.15 M NaOH was selected as the most optimal stripping agent concentration in this study.…”

Scalable Production and In Vitro Efficacy of Inhaled Erlotinib Nanoemulsion for Enhanced Efficacy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

“…Before finalizing the drug–excipient mixture to be used for HME, the effect of water addition on the stability of the promising nanoemulsions, E5 and E6, was assessed. This was conducted using a previously reported method by increasing the water ratio in the drug–excipient mixture from 1:1 to 1:2 and 1:3 [ 32 , 33 ]. Thereafter, the tubes were heated to 70 °C in a water bath, vortexed to form an emulsion, and then left to equilibrate for 24 h before visually analyzing the emulsion for any sign of breakage, creaming, flocculation, etc.…”

Removal of Hexavalent Chromium Using Emulsion Liquid Membrane with Jet Mixer: A Continuous Approach

“…This circumstance led the ELM film to weaken and the emulsion globules to quickly consolidate, which ultimately causes the ELM to break. This indicates that the emergence of smaller globules is what causes the mass transfer area to rise [34,35].…”