Stability of tactile defensiveness across cultures: European and American children's responses to the Touch Inventory for Elementary School Aged Children (TIE)

Royeen, Charlotte Royeen; Mu, Keli

doi:10.1002/oti.183

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Scores could hypothetically range between 26 and 78, but the typical range is between 26 and 60 based on a sample of 415 children. 22 The same study showed that the mean score of the TIE was 41 with an SD of 7.8. Based on these data, a score of 57 and above (≥2SDs) was regarded as a clinical score for TD.…”

Section: Tactile Defensivenessmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Any discrepancies were resolved after mutual agreement. A previous study has shown that mean test scores are similar in North American children (English version of the TIE) and European children (non-English version of the TIE translated into the native language of the children), 22 suggesting that careful translation of the TIE does not affect results. Scores could hypothetically range between 26 and 78, but the typical range is between 26 and 60 based on a sample of 415 children.…”

Section: Tactile Defensivenessmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, this is unlikely to have influenced the results in the current study, as previous research has shown that mean test scores were similar in North American children (English version of the TIE) and European children (non-English version of the TIE translated into native language of the children). 22 These studies suggest that careful translation of the TIE does not affect results.…”

Section: Males Femalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex differences in tactile defensiveness in children with ADHD and their siblings

Bröring¹,

Rommelse²,

Sergeant³

et al. 2008

Develop Med Child Neuro

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Tactile defensiveness (TD) is a disturbance in sensory processing and is observed in some children with attentiondeficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). TD has been examined in male children with ADHD and in children with ADHD without differentiating by sex. As males and females with ADHD may differ in the clinical expression of the disorder and associated deficits, the aim of this study was to examine sex differences in TD in males and females with ADHD. Non-affected siblings were also examined to investigate familiality of TD. The Touch Inventory for Elementary-School-Aged Children was administered to 47 children with ADHD (35 males, 12 females; mean age 9y 8mo [SD 1y 11mo]), 36 non-affected siblings (21 males, 15 females; mean age 8y 10mo [SD 2y 4mo]), and 35 control children (16 males, 19 females; mean age 9y 5mo [SD 6mo]). Results indicated that females with ADHD displayed higher levels of TD than males with ADHD (who did not differ from control males). This suggests that TD is sex specific and may contribute to the identification of ADHD in females, thus improving diagnostic and therapeutic strength in this underreferred group. Non-affected siblings were unimpaired, regardless of sex, which suggests that TD is specific to the disorder and not part of a familial risk for ADHD.Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 1 is a common neuropsychiatric developmental disorder, which is estimated to affect between 3 and 11% of children and adolescents. 2 The core clinical symptoms of ADHD (inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity) are often accompanied by associated symptoms such as sleep problems, reduced motor coordination, and impaired balance. 2 Sex possibly influences the clinical manifestation of ADHD and the extent to which associated symptoms of ADHD occur. Three studies found that females with ADHD showed relatively lower levels of hyperactivity and fewer diagnoses of conduct disorder and other comorbid disruptive behavior problems compared with males with ADHD. 3-5 However, it was also found that females with ADHD have greater intellectual impairment, 4,5 a higher prevalence of the predominantly inattentive subtype of ADHD, 3 and are more at risk for substance-use disorders. 3 One study found no sex difference with respect to impulsivity, academic performance, social functioning, and/or fine motor skills. 4 Further study may help to determine whether differences exist between males and females with ADHD.Relatively little is known about sex differences in disorders associated with ADHD, such as sensory processing disorders. Recent literature suggests that children with ADHD show a disturbance in sensory processing and integration of tactile stimuli. 6-9 One area of dysfunction in sensory processing disorders is called tactile defensiveness (TD). 10,11 TD is often observed in children with autism, learning disability,* fragile X syndrome, emotional disturbances, and specific learning difficulties. [10][11][12][13][14] Individuals with TD show a tendency to 'react negatively and emotionally to certa...

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Section: Tactile Defensivenessmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Tactile Defensivenessmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Males Femalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sex differences in tactile defensiveness in children with ADHD and their siblings

Bröring¹,

Rommelse²,

Sergeant³

et al. 2008

Develop Med Child Neuro

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Stephens and Royeen (1998, p278) concluded in their preliminary study that there was a 'profound relationship between a sensory integrative disorder (tactile defensiveness) and psychosocial processing (self-esteem)'. Royeen and Mu (2003) documented the stability of tactile defensiveness across different cultures. The test scores of 28 European children (12 boys and 16 girls from three different cultures) on the TIE were compared with those of the American sample in the original TIE study (Royeen and Fortune 1990).…”

Section: Studies That Have Used the Tiementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review and Critique of the Touch Inventory for Elementary School-Aged Children (TIE)

Brown¹,

Brown²

2006

British Journal of Occupational Therapy

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The paper presents a review of the published literature about and a critique of the Touch Inventory for Elementary School-Aged Children (TIE), a screening tool for children to self-report on their emotional and behavioural responses to tactile stimuli, developed by Royeen (1985, 1986) and Royeen and Fortune (1990). The TIE is used as a screening tool for children aged 6–12 years who have an IQ of at least 80 and no history of physical disabilities. Psychometric properties based on previously published studies of the TIE are discussed and recommendations for further research are made.

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“…A child’s response to sensory information within his environment seems universal and stable across ethnicities. Royeen and Mu [ 24 ] implicated no significant differences in the sensory responses between North American and multiethnic European children situated in the United States and Germany, respectively. Conversely, other researchers counter-argued and found influences of ethnicity on children’s regulation of sensory stimuli using behavioral measures [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ethnicity and Environment in the Regulation of Response to Sensory Stimulus in Children: Protocol and Pilot Findings of a Neurophysiological Study

Gomez¹,

Lai²,

Chan³

et al. 2018

JMIR Res Protoc

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BackgroundThe ability to regulate the response to sensory stimuli has been associated with successful behavioral patterns necessary for daily activities. However, it is not known whether a child’s ethnicity and environment can influence autonomic regulatory mechanisms.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the role of ethnicity and environment in the regulation of responses to sensory stimuli in children.MethodsIn this study, we intend to recruit 128 children from different ethnic groups or environment contexts as follows: (1) 32 typically developing Chinese children living in Hong Kong; (2) 32 typically developing Filipino children living in Hong Kong; (3) 32 typically developing Filipino children who are living in urban areas; and (4) 32 typically developing Filipino children who are living in rural areas in Philippines. Autonomic activity (heart rate variability [HRV] and electrodermal activity [EDA]) will be measured and recorded using Polar H2 heart rate monitor and eSense GSR skin response sensor. Autonomic activity (HRV-low frequency, HRV-high frequency, and EDA) at different conditions between pairwise groupings will be tested using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). All significant levels will be set at P ≤.05.ResultsWe present the research protocol of this study, as well as a short discussion of the preliminary findings from our pilot data, with consequent power and sample size analysis that informs the appropriate sample needed to test our hypothesis.ConclusionsThis study will increase the understanding on the role of individual differences related to a child’s ethnicity and environment in the regulation of response to sensory stimuli. The findings of this research may further shed light on the evaluation and treatment planning for children across and within cultures.

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Stability of tactile defensiveness across cultures: European and American children's responses to the Touch Inventory for Elementary School Aged Children (TIE)

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Sex differences in tactile defensiveness in children with ADHD and their siblings

Sex differences in tactile defensiveness in children with ADHD and their siblings

A Review and Critique of the Touch Inventory for Elementary School-Aged Children (TIE)

The Role of Ethnicity and Environment in the Regulation of Response to Sensory Stimulus in Children: Protocol and Pilot Findings of a Neurophysiological Study

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