Stability of Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) and assessment of disinfection of seawater and oyster tissues using a bioassay

Hick, Paul; Evans, Olivia; Looi, Richard C.Y.; English, Chloe J.; Whittington, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.08.025

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Other studies showed that an OsVH-1 infected tissue preparation remained infectious for 54 h at 16°C compared to 33 h at 25°C (Martenot et al 2015) and that OsHV-1 in seawater re tained infectivity for 2 d at 20°C (Hick et al 2016). Previously infected oysters showed high survival, and low quantities of OsHV-1 µVar DNA were detected when held at <14°C, but high mortality and in creased quantity of OsHV-1 µVar DNA occurred when these oysters were subsequently exposed to 21°C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of water temperature on mortality of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas associated with microvariant ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1 µVar)

Kantzow¹,

Hick

Becker³

et al. 2016

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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The ostreid herpesvirus 1 microvariant (OsHV-1 µVar) causes mass mortality of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas. Water temperature can directly influence the incidence of disease or correlate with seasonal changes in the environment and oyster physiology that modify the susceptibility of the oysters to disease. The effect of water temperature was evaluated in controlled laboratory conditions by intramuscular injection of OsHV-1 µVar after acclimation of 8 mo old spat and 17 mo old adult oysters at 4 different temperatures (14, 18, 22 and 26°C). Mortality was 84 and 77% at 26 and 22°C, respectively, compared to 23% at 18°C and nil at 14°C. There was a statistically significant interaction between the dose of OsHV-1 µVar and water temperature. At 18°C, mortality occurred exclusively at a dose of 10 6 OsHV-1 µVar genome copies per oyster whereas at the higher temperatures, oysters challenged with 10 3 copies per oyster also died. Mortality did not occur at 14°C and OsHV-1 µVar was detected in tissues of only 1% of the oysters after 14 d. When accounting for temperature and dose, spat (8 mo) were 2.7 times more likely to die than adults (17 mo). Our study confirms a direct effect of water temperature on infection and disease caused by OsHV-1 µVar. We identified a threshold water temperature of between 14 and 18°C below which productive infection does not occur and the requirement for a higher dose of OsHV-1 µVar to initiate infection at 18°C than at 22°C. These results have implications for predicting and managing disease outbreaks caused by OsHV-1 µVar.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of water temperature on mortality of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas associated with microvariant ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1 µVar)

Kantzow¹,

Hick

Becker³

et al. 2016

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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“…Observations on the stability of OsHV‐1 μVar in laboratory conditions demonstrate that the virus is unlikely to survive more than two days at 20°C in the seawater (Hick et al . ). The dispersal distance of this virus in seawater has been shown to be limited by viral shedding and decay rates, which are influenced by environmental parameters, such as temperature and ultraviolet radiation (Wommack & Colwell ; Mojica & Brussaard ).…”

Section: Oshv‐1 Virus and Its Variants Associated With Oyster Mortalimentioning

confidence: 97%

The complex interactions of Ostreid herpesvirus 1, Vibrio bacteria, environment and host factors in mass mortality outbreaks of Crassostrea gigas

Nguyen

Mérien

2018

Reviews in Aquaculture

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From the first detection in the Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in 1972, herpes-like viruses/herpesviruses have been identified in at least 20 bivalve species and have caused massive mortalities in six cultured species of bivalves. Among them, the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is most threatened by massive mortalities associated with detection of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) and its variants. These mortality events have been reported in more than 12 countries, and OsHV-1 itself has been reported in 15 countries worldwide. Traditionally, the genotype OsHV-1 (or OsHV-1 Var) is the main contributor to bivalve mortalities, but the emergence of variants (e.g. OsHV-1 lVar and related ones, acute viral necrosis virus-AVNV, OsHV-1-SB) is now responsible for new mortality outbreaks in Pacific oysters and other bivalve species. In addition to OsHV-1, Vibrio bacteria and other abiotic and host factors also significantly contribute to mortality outbreaks. To this end, the current contribution aims to synthesize the body of literature on our current knowledge of these mass mortality events to provide insights into the role of each risk factor and complex interactions in the disease process. Specifically, this review encompasses our current knowledge and critical gaps. Important suggestions for future investigation are also presented. Figure 1 Classification of main Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) producing countries in 2016 in tonnes (data taken from FAO FishStatJ, version 3.01.0). The map was generated using http://mapchart.net. Asterisks (*) indicate countries with mass mortality events. ( ) >300 000 tonnes; ( ) >100 000 tonnes; ( ) >10 000 tonnes; ( ) >1000 tonnes; ( ) <1000 tonnes.

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“…Experimental infection of C. gigas D-larvae with OsHV-1 was conducted according to the protocol outlined in Burge and Friedman (2012). Experiments involving OsHV-1 were conducted in a physical containment level 2 (PC2) facility at the Sydney Institute of Marine and all waste arising from experiments was decontaminated by heat sterilization (autoclaved at 121 o C for 15 min (Hick et al, 2016). Briefly, gill and mantle tissue from OsHV-1 infected and non-infected adult C. gigas was homogenized in 10-volumes of sterile seawater containing 1000 units.ml -1 of penicillin and 1 mg.ml -1 of streptomycin, clarified by centrifugation and 0.2 µm filtered to prepare OsHV-1 and control homogenates, respectively (Burge and Friedman, 2012;Renault et al, 2011).…”

Section: Oysters Immune Challenge and Mating Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenerational plasticity and antiviral immunity in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) against Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1)

Lafont

Gonçalves

Guo

et al. 2019

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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The oyster's immune system is capable of adapting upon exposure to a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) to have an enhanced secondary response against the same type of pathogen. This has been demonstrated using poly(I:C) to elicit an antiviral response in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) against Ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV-1). Improved survival following exposure to poly(I:C) has been found in later life stages (within-generational immune priming) and in the next generation (transgenerational immune priming). The mechanism that the oyster uses to transfer immunity to the next generation is unknown. Here we show that oyster larvae have higher survival to OsHV-1 when their mothers, but not their fathers, are exposed to poly(I:C) prior to spawning. RNA-seq provided no evidence to suggest that parental exposure to poly(I:C) reconfigures antiviral gene expression in unchallenged larvae. We conclude that the improved survival of larvae might occur via maternal provisioning of antiviral compounds in the eggs. Highlights ► The molecular mechanism involved in transgenerational immune priming was investigated in the oyster, Crassostrea gigas.► Crassostrea gigas larvae have higher survival to OsHV-1 when their mothers, but not their fathers, are exposed to poly(I:C) prior to spawning. ► RNA-seq provided no evidence to suggest that parental exposure to poly(I:C) reconfigures antiviral gene expression in unchallenged larvae. ► Improved survival of C. gigas larvae might occur via maternal provisioning of antiviral compounds in the eggs.

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Stability of Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) and assessment of disinfection of seawater and oyster tissues using a bioassay

Cited by 34 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of water temperature on mortality of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas associated with microvariant ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1 µVar)

Effect of water temperature on mortality of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas associated with microvariant ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1 µVar)

The complex interactions of Ostreid herpesvirus 1, Vibrio bacteria, environment and host factors in mass mortality outbreaks of Crassostrea gigas

Transgenerational plasticity and antiviral immunity in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) against Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1)

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