Stability of alginate‐immobilized algal cells

Dainty, A.L.; Goulding, K. H.; Robinson, Peter; Simpkins, I.; Trevan, M. D.

doi:10.1002/bit.260280210

Cited by 140 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The use of nitrogen pressure (1 bar) to expel the beads from the needle and addition of polylethyleneimine both significantly reduced their diameter (0.74 + 0A3 mm). When the size of the beads was reduced to a minimum in the presence of 2 bar nitrogen pressure and polyethyleneimine, heterogeneity in size increased markedly (Daintry et al 1986). Treatment of beads with polyethyleneimine reduced the bead diameter by 30% and increased their mechanical strength.…”

Section: Variation In Size Of Alginate Beadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of microsomes into alginate beads is a convenient method for producing glucuronides from drugs

Haumont

Magdalou

Ziegler

et al. 1991

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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The production of glucuronides from drugs by immobilized microsomal uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase has been investigated. Of all the immobilization methods used (covalent binding, adsorption by ionic or hydrophobic interactions), only entrapment of microsomes into alginate beads in the presence of polyethyleneimine was effective in producing high glucuronidation rates, thus leading to the formation of large amounts of metabolites. The performance of the bioreactor was optimized with the drug 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), active against the human immunodeficiency virus, as a model substrate of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. Calcium (12 mM) could optimally improve the stability of microsomes entrapped in alginate beads. Upon immobilization, enzyme activation occurred, leading to a fivefold increase in specific activity. The determination of apparent Km and Vmax revealed that AZT was a better substrate for the immobilized enzyme than free microsomes. The AZT-glucuronide production obtained after 6 h was threefold higher than that observed with free microsomes. This bioreactor was also efficient in production of glucuronides from structurally different compounds such as bilirubin, 4-nitrophenol, clofibric acid, pirprofen, dextrorphan or morphine, the corresponding glucuronide of which possesses pharmacological or toxicological interest.

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Section: Variation In Size Of Alginate Beadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of microsomes into alginate beads is a convenient method for producing glucuronides from drugs

Haumont

Magdalou

Ziegler

et al. 1991

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…34,35 Ca 2+ is the most widely used cross-linking agent, but is vulnerable to chelation by PO 4 3− or exchange with monovalent cations (e.g., Na + ), resulting in the disintegration of the encapsulating gel matrix. 36 , and therefore yield alginate polymers with higher stabilities. 28,[38][39][40] Polyethylenimine (PEI), a polycation, has also been used to coat alginate polymers, achieving even higher stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving high-rate hydrogen recovery from wastewater using customizable alginate polymer gel matrices encapsulating biomass

Zhu

Arnold

Sakkos

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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aIn addition to methane gas, higher-value resources such as hydrogen gas are produced during anaerobic wastewater treatment. They are, however, immediately consumed by other organisms. To recover these high-value resources, not only do the desired phenotypes need to be retained in the anaerobic reactor, but the undesired ones need to be washed out. In this study, a well-established alginate-based polymer gel, with and without a coating layer, was used to selectively encapsulate hydrogen-producing biomass in beads to achieve high-rate recovery of hydrogen during anaerobic wastewater treatment. , as well as a composite coating on the beads, consisting of alternating layers of polyethylenimine and silica hydrogel, were investigated with respect to their performance, specifically, their mass transfer characteristics and their differential ability to retain the encapsulated biomass. Although the coating reduced the escape rate of encapsulated biomass from the beads, all alginate polymer matrices without coating effectively retained biomass. Fast diffusion of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through the polymer gel was observed in both Ca-alginate and Sr-alginate without coating. The coating, however, decreased either the diffusivity or the permeability of the DOC depending on whether the DOC was from synthetic wastewater (more lipids and proteins) or real brewery wastewater (more sugars). Consequently, the encapsulation system with coating became diffusion limited when brewery wastewater with high chemical oxygen demand was fed, resulting in a lower hydrogen production rate than the uncoated encapsulation systems. In all cases the encapsulated biomass was able to produce hydrogen, even at a hydraulic residence time of 45 min. Although there are limitations to this system, the used of encapsulated biomass for resource recovery from wastewater shows promise, particularly for highrate systems in which the retention of specific phenotypes is desired.

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“…High phosphate concentration and also, probably, low concentration of alginate may be the reasons for this (Dainty et al 1985). The bead disruption, however, was prevented by eliminating phosphates from the medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Enhanced degradation of phenol by Pseudomonas sp. CP4 entrapped in agar and calcium alginate beads in batch and continuous processes

Ahamad

Kunhi

2010

Biodegradation

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Phenol is one of the major toxic pollutants in the wastes generated by a number of industries and needs to be eliminated before their discharge. Although microbial degradation is a preferred method of waste treatment for phenol removal, the general inability of the degrading strains to tolerate higher substrate concentrations has been a bottleneck. Immobilization of the microorganism in suitable matrices has been shown to circumvent this problem to some extent. In this study, cells of Pseudomonas sp. CP4, a laboratory isolate that degrades phenol, cresols, and other aromatics, were immobilized by entrapment in Ca-alginate and agar gel beads, separately and their performance in a fluidized bed bioreactor was compared. In batch runs, with an aeration rate of 1 vol(-1) vol(-1) min(-1), at 30°C and pH 7.0 ± 0.2, agar-encapsulated cells degraded up to 3000 mg l(-1) of phenol as compared to 1500 mg l(-1) by Ca-alginate-entrapped cells whereas free cells could tolerate only 1000 mg l(-1). In a continuous process with Ca-alginate entrapped cells a degradation rate of 200 mg phenol l(-1) h(-1) was obtained while agar-entrapped cells were far superior and could withstand and degrade up to 4000 mg phenol l(-1) in the feed with a maximum degradation rate of 400 mg phenol l(-1) h(-1). The results indicate a clear possibility of development of an efficient treatment technology for phenol containing waste waters with the agar-entrapped bacterial strain, Pseudomonas sp. CP4.

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Stability of alginate‐immobilized algal cells

Cited by 140 publications

References 14 publications

Immobilization of microsomes into alginate beads is a convenient method for producing glucuronides from drugs

Immobilization of microsomes into alginate beads is a convenient method for producing glucuronides from drugs

Achieving high-rate hydrogen recovery from wastewater using customizable alginate polymer gel matrices encapsulating biomass

Enhanced degradation of phenol by Pseudomonas sp. CP4 entrapped in agar and calcium alginate beads in batch and continuous processes

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