Stability and performance of gun propellants incorporating 3,6-dihydrazino-s-tetrazine and 5-aminotetrazolium nitrate

Lavoie, Jonathan; Petre, Catalin‐Florin; Durand, Simon; Dubois, Charles

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.088

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is noticeable when the pressure is in the range of 6–16 MPa, the burning rate of the N‐CMDB propellant is higher than that of the M‐CMDB propellant. Furthermore, the burning rate coefficient and pressure exponent were calculated according to Vieille's Law [32].

true r = a \cdot P_{0}^{n}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Nano‐Sized RDX in CMDB Propellant with High Solid Content

Sun

Gao³

et al. 2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Compared to the ordinary RDX, nano-sized RDX has many more excellent properties. Therefore two kinds of CMDB propellant were prepared for comparison. One is the normal CMDB propellant called M-CMDB propellant, the other is N-CMDB propellant which adds nano-sized RDX to CMDB propellant. The morphology characterization, tensile properties, sensitivity, and combustion performance of the propellants were investigated, the results for N-CMDB propellant were compared with that for the normal one. It has been found that the interface of N-CMDB propellant showed no stratification and fewer overall defects than the normal one. The value of σ m and ɛ m for N-CMDB propellant are increased by 32.6 % and 25.2 % at 323.15 K, respectively. At 293.15 K, the σ m and ɛ m values of N-CMDB propellant also increased by 25.4 % and 46.9 % and increased by 17.5 % and 23.7 %, respectively, at 233.15 K. The friction and impact sensitivities of N-CMDB propellant are decreased by 51.3 % and 50.4 %, respectively. The TG/DSC study indicated that, compared with M-CMDB propellant, the thermal decomposition peak temperature of N-CMDB propellant is advanced, and the apparent activation energy is reduced by about 6.0 % to 144.3 kJ • mol À 1 . Combustion performance measurements were carried out. It was observed that nanosized RDX is a good burning rate enhancer, because of the burning rate coefficient value of N-CMDB propellant is relatedly increased by 36.9 %. Besides, the pressure exponent of N-CMDB propellant is relatively decreased by 21.6 %. All the results indicate that the application of nano-sized RDX will help to improve the comprehensive performance of CMDB propellant.

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true r = a \cdot P_{0}^{n}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Nano‐Sized RDX in CMDB Propellant with High Solid Content

Sun

Gao³

et al. 2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…the aromatic s-tetrazine ring enables compact molecular packings which are essential to realize substances with a high (volumetric) energy density [116,117]. This is a field that continues very active in seeking for new s-tetrazine derivatives of interest [118][119][120].…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anion-π and lone pair-π interactions with s-tetrazine-based ligands

Savastano

García-Gallarín

Torre

et al. 2019

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

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Most of traditional and contemporary interest in s-tetrazine derivatives focuses onto their redox properties, reactivity and energy density. In recent times, however, an increasing number of reports highlighted the possible usefulness of the s-tetrazine moiety as a binding site for anionic and electron rich species, according to the high and positive quadrupolar moment of this heterocycle and the consequent strength of anion-π and lone pair-π interactions. Herein, after giving a quick perspective on s-tetrazine properties and on how they foster these types of π interactions, we present statistical and critical examination of the available structural data, doing justice to the debated topic of the existence and directionality of anion-and lone pair-π interactions. Finally, available literature material concerning the usage of s-tetrazine as supramolecular binding site in solution, i.e. paving the way to applications such as molecular recognition and sensing, is presented and discussed. Contents 1. Introduction 2. s-Tetrazine Synthesis & Properties 2.1. Synthesis of s-tetrazine derivatives 2.2. General perspective on the properties and applications s-tetrazines 2.3. Anion-π and lone pair-π: nature of the interactions and relevance of the s-tetrazine ring 3. Anion-π and lone pair-π interactions with s-tetrazines in the solid-state: CSD Survey 3.1. Methodology and rationale of the survey 3.2. Structural data analysis 4. Selected evidences of anion-π and lone pair-π interactions with s-tetrazines in the solid state 5. Anion-π and lone pair-π interactions with s-tetrazines in solution 6. Conclusions Appendix A. Supplementary data Referencesthe aromatic s-tetrazine ring enables compact molecular packings which are essential to realize substances with a high (volumetric) energy density [116,117]. This is a field that continues very active in seeking for new s-tetrazine derivatives of interest [118][119][120].Other important applications of s-tetrazines derive from their particular reactivity, that serves as the base of the usefulness that these structures are proving in molecular biology studies, as reacting partners in bioorthogonal chemistry [121] methods (a field that has boosted the research and literature devoted to stetrazines from the first 2000s) [84,122]. These applications take advantage of two properties of stetrazines: i) the propensity of the s-tetrazine nucleus to act as 2,3-diazadiene in fast inverse-electrondemand Diels-Alder (iedDA) reactions with alkenes and alkynes that affords, in a first term, a bicyclic adduct which immediately suffers a retro-Diels-Alder (rDA) reaction, evolving N 2 , to give rise to dihydropyridazines or aromatic pyridazines, respectively (Scheme 2) [123,124]; ii) the inertness of s-tetrazine derivatives towards natural substances under biological conditions. Scheme 2 to be inserted about here.But the property that focused our interest in s-tetrazines, and constitutes the main subject of this review, is their ability to establish non-covalent bonds to negatively charged species (a...

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“…However, the potassium salt was eventually ejected with the gas in solid form, intensifying the smoke concentration of the shot. It was noted by Lavoie et al in their study that reducing the formation of combustible gases in the gun propellant gas could decrease the consumption of flame inhibitor [16,17]. At present, increasing the oxygen balance of the gun propellant formulation is an efficient way to reduce the combustible gas content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface denitration structure on dynamic combustion performance and muzzle flame of mixed nitrate gun propellant

Chen

Liu

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The gun propellant is an inaccessible energy and fuel for projectile to achieve destructive capability in a weapon system. Nitrocellulose/nitroglycerine/triethylene glycol dinitrate(NC/NG/TEGDN) based gun propellant with higher energy level than single‐based gun propellant can meet the demands of modern warfare. Currently, deterring strategy is commonly used to improve the combustion progressivity of NC/NG/TEGDN based gun propellant, together with aggravating the harmful emission phenomena such as muzzle smoke and flame. Therefore, it is essential to design and fabricate NC/NG/TEGDN based gun propellant with both good combustion progressivity and low characteristic signal. In this work, a gradiently denitrated NC/NG/TEGDN based gun propellant was successfully prepared by denitration strategy, whose structure was confirmed by FT‐IR, Raman and SEM. Here, closed bomb vessel test and interior ballistic test were conducted. The results showed that the gradiently denitrated NC/NG/TEGDN based gun propellant exhibited better combustion progressivity and interior ballistic performance than raw gun propellant, and these properties can be controlled by modulating the degree of denitration. Meanwhile, the change laws of the muzzle smoke and flame of the gradiently denitrated NC/NG/TEGDN based gun propellant were investigated by the smoke box method and high‐speed photography. Furthermore, a lower characteristic signal for the gradiently denitrated NC/NG/TEGDN based gun propellant was found compared to the deterred gun propellant by theoretical calculations. This work provides a new idea for preparing and applying a gun propellant with excellent comprehensive performance, including high energy, good combustion progressivity and low characteristic signal.

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Stability and performance of gun propellants incorporating 3,6-dihydrazino-s-tetrazine and 5-aminotetrazolium nitrate

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Application of Nano‐Sized RDX in CMDB Propellant with High Solid Content

Application of Nano‐Sized RDX in CMDB Propellant with High Solid Content

Anion-π and lone pair-π interactions with s-tetrazine-based ligands

Surface denitration structure on dynamic combustion performance and muzzle flame of mixed nitrate gun propellant

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