“…Scene changes will develop to a certain extent and become qualitative changes, which are indifferentiable. Functions, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, stratum movement, etc., for these common discontinuities in the material world, the use of catastrophe theory can better explain the nature of these phenomena [13][14][15]. With the in-depth understanding of the material world, people began to realize the need for a non-linear, discontinuous theory to study these material phenomena.…”