St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project— A progress report-November 2008

Karadeniz, Deniz; Rogers, J. David; Williams, Robert A.; Cramer, Chris H.; Bauer, Robert A.; Hoffman, David J.; Chung, Jae-Won; Hempen, Gregory L.; Steckel, Phyllis J.; Boyd, Oliver; Watkins, C. M.; McCallister, Natasha; Schweig, Eugene S.

doi:10.3133/ofr20091059

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…This study encompasses a land area of approximately 4400 km 2 in the greater St. Louis area of Missouri and Illinois, United States. The SLAEHMP seeks to prepare practical seismic hazard maps, including liquefaction and ground‐shaking intensity (Williams et al 2007; Karadeniz et al 2009). The estimation of the long‐term groundwater level is a key factor in assessing regional liquefaction potential.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpolations of Groundwater Table Elevation in Dissected Uplands

Chung

Rogers²

2011

Groundwater

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The variable elevation of the groundwater table in the St. Louis area was estimated using multiple linear regression (MLR), ordinary kriging, and cokriging as part of a regional program seeking to assess liquefaction potential. Surface water features were used to determine the minimum water table for MLR and supplement the principal variables for ordinary kriging and cokriging. By evaluating the known depth to the water and the minimum water table elevation, the MLR analysis approximates the groundwater elevation for a contiguous hydrologic system. Ordinary kriging and cokriging estimate values in unsampled areas by calculating the spatial relationships between the unsampled and sampled locations. In this study, ordinary kriging did not incorporate topographic variations as an independent variable, while cokriging included topography as a supporting covariable. Cross validation suggests that cokriging provides a more reliable estimate at known data points with less uncertainty than the other methods. Profiles extending through the dissected uplands terrain suggest that: (1) the groundwater table generated by MLR mimics the ground surface and elicits a exaggerated interpolation of groundwater elevation; (2) the groundwater table estimated by ordinary kriging tends to ignore local topography and exhibits oversmoothing of the actual undulations in the water table; and (3) cokriging appears to give the realistic water surface, which rises and falls in proportion to the overlying topography. The authors concluded that cokriging provided the most realistic estimate of the groundwater surface, which is the key variable in assessing soil liquefaction potential in unconsolidated sediments.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%