St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project: Seismic and Liquefaction Hazard Maps

Cramer, Chris H.; Bauer, Robert A.; Chung, Jae-Won; Rogers, J. David; Pierce, Larry D.; Voigt, Vicki; Mitchell, Belinda; Gaunt, David; Williams, Robert A.; Hoffman, David J.; Hempen, Gregory L.; Steckel, Phyllis J.; Boyd, Oliver S.; Watkins, C. M.; Tucker, Karen A.; McCallister, Natasha

doi:10.1785/0220160028

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Parameters such as LPI, LSI or LSN can be used to construct microzonation charts for liquefaction hazard (e.g. Cramer et al 2017). To do so, the results of calculations along a vertical soil profile is statistically averaged over neighbouring points.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Liquefaction Hazard For Purposes Of Microzonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical guidelines for the assessment of earthquake induced liquefaction hazard at urban scale

Lai

Bozzoni

Conca

et al. 2020

Bull Earthquake Eng

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Microzonation for earthquake-induced liquefaction hazard is the subdivision of a territory at a municipal or submunicipal scale in areas characterized by the same probability of liquefaction manifestation for the occurrence of an earthquake of specified intensity.The liquefaction hazard at a site depends on the severity of expected ground shaking as well as on the susceptibility to liquefaction of that site. This in turn depends on geological, geomorphological, hydrogeological and geotechnical predisposing factors. Thus, liquefaction hazard implies the existence of territories characterized by a moderate to high level of intensity of expected ground shaking. Microzonation charts for ground shaking and liquefaction hazard play a key role for the mitigation of seismic risk of an urban centre as they provide a valuable tool for the implementation of prevention strategies and land use planning. The LIQUEFACT project fully addressed the problem of microzoning a territory for earthquake-induced liquefaction hazard in a specific work package. Four municipal testing areas were selected across Europe as peculiar case studies where to construct microzonation charts for earthquake-induced liquefaction hazard. They are located in Emilia-Romagna region (Italy), Lisbon metropolitan area (Portugal), Brežice territory (Slovenia) and Marmara region (Turkey). Their location was identified based on the following criteria: severity of expected seismic hazard, availability of geological and geotechnical data, presence of liquefiable soil deposits, documented cases of liquefaction manifestations occurred in historical earthquakes, representativeness of different geological settings, density of population in selected areas (exposure). This paper illustrates the general procedure developed in LIQUEFACT for the assessment of earthquake-induced liquefaction hazard at urban scale and presents the main achievements of the microzonation studies carried out at the four previously mentioned European testbeds. Since the microzonation studies have been carried out using a shared framework and methodology, this paper has the ambition to serve as technical guidelines for updating the standards and the operational criteria currently used in different countries worldwide to construct seismic microzonation maps of liquefaction hazard. Keywords Liquefaction • Earthquake • Microzonation • Guidelines • LIQUEFACT projectsite-specific geotechnical investigations with pre-existing geological and geotechnical data from public and private sources.Existing information on quaternary deposits and man-made landfills, geomorphological maps, trench pits, boreholes and piezometric monitoring data, shall be stored and analysed in a georeferenced (GIS) environment to identify homogeneous lithostratigraphic units susceptible to liquefaction. These data shall be complemented with field and laboratory geotechnical and geophysical information from pre-existing investigation campaigns. This will eventually allow to plan and implement the complementary experimental investi...

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Section: Assessment Of the Liquefaction Hazard For Purposes Of Microzonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical guidelines for the assessment of earthquake induced liquefaction hazard at urban scale

Lai

Bozzoni

Conca

et al. 2020

Bull Earthquake Eng

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“…An accurate 3‐D crustal velocity model is critical for earthquake source estimations. With 1‐D seismic velocity profiles and deployed arrays in Oklahoma, several earthquake catalogs have been developed (Cramer et al., 2017; Mueller, 2019; Schoenball & Ellsworth, 2017), which enable us to delineate some previously unmapped 3‐D fault systems in Oklahoma (Holland, 2013b; McNamara et al., 2015; Schoenball & Ellsworth, 2017). However, there are still a lot of randomly distributed earthquakes in these catalogs that cannot be directly linked to any fault systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing a 3‐D Radially Anisotropic Crustal Velocity Model for Oklahoma Using Full Waveform Inversion

Zhang,

Zhu

2023

JGR Solid Earth

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Over the past decade, the seismicity rate in the state of Oklahoma has increased significantly, which has been linked to industrial operations, such as saltwater injection and hydraulic fracturing. Taking advantage of induced earthquakes and recently deployed seismometers, we construct a 3‐D radially anisotropic seismic velocity model for the crust of Oklahoma by using full waveform inversion. To mitigate the well‐known cycle‐skipping problem, we use misfit functions based on phase and waveform differences in several frequency bands. Relative velocity perturbations in the inverted model allow us to delineate major geological provinces in Oklahoma, such as the Anadarko Basin and the Cherokee Platform/Shelf. In addition, radial anisotropy in the inverted model reflects deformation within the crust of Oklahoma, which might correlate with sedimentary layering, microcracks/fractures, as well as dominant orientation of anisotropic minerals. The crystalline basement beneath Oklahoma can be inferred from the new velocity model, which enables us to better classify induced seismicity in current earthquake catalogs. Furthermore, synthetic experiments suggest that the new velocity model enables us to better constrain earthquake locations in Oklahoma, especially for determining their depths, which are important for investigating induced seismicity.

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“…Deterministic scenarios have been widely used for assessing potential impacts of a NMSZ earthquake (e.g. Atkinson and Beresnev, 2002; Central United States Earthquake Consortium (CUSEC), 2003; Cramer et al, 2017; Mid-America Earthquake Center, 2009), and there are more recent deterministic scenario assessments with a focus on the Wabash Valley seismic zone (e.g. Haase and Nowack, 2011; Remo and Pinter, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of scenario earthquakes for seismic hazard assessment in low-seismicity, stable continental regions: A case study from Indiana, USA

2022

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While large earthquakes have been documented in stable continental regions, such as the central United States, they occur too infrequently to provide reliable observations of earthquake-related impacts. Using the state of Indiana as a case study, we investigate the impacts of five deterministic scenarios—three occurring outside the borders of the state and two within the state. They include a M7.3 Wabash Valley event in southern Illinois, a M7.6 New Madrid event in southeastern Missouri, a M6.2 event in west central Ohio, a M6.2 event near Evansville, Indiana, and a M5.8 Indianapolis event. The locations and magnitudes are based on known fault locations and credible interpretations of the earthquake history in the region. We use a combination of the US Geological Survey’s ShakeMap and the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Hazus software packages to assess earthquake-triggered ground shaking and its effects on the built environment. We also use the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Ground Failure estimation tool to examine the spatial distribution of anticipated earthquake-induced landslides and liquefaction. The five main deterministic scenario models indicate that moderate-sized urban earthquakes may represent a greater threat to a state like Indiana than a large-magnitude event from the New Madrid seismic zone. To better understand the influence of earthquake source parameters on impacts, we conducted a sensitivity analysis for earthquakes near Indianapolis and Evansville, where we reviewed losses due to differences in magnitude, depth, strike, and dip. Based on the model projections, magnitude and depth have first-order and relatively predictable influence on losses. The orientation and dip of the causative fault in relation to populated areas can alter economic losses for an event of the same magnitude by 13%–32%. Deterministic scenario analyses, such as those presented here, can potentially be of widespread utility for understanding earthquake impacts in the central United States and other low-seismicity, stable continental regions.

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St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project: Seismic and Liquefaction Hazard Maps

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Technical guidelines for the assessment of earthquake induced liquefaction hazard at urban scale

Technical guidelines for the assessment of earthquake induced liquefaction hazard at urban scale

Constructing a 3‐D Radially Anisotropic Crustal Velocity Model for Oklahoma Using Full Waveform Inversion

Use of scenario earthquakes for seismic hazard assessment in low-seismicity, stable continental regions: A case study from Indiana, USA

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