St. John's Wort versus Counterfeit St. John's Wort: An HPTLC Study

Frommenwiler, D; Reich, Eike; Sudberg, Sidney; Sharaf, Maged H. M.; Bzhelyansky, Anton; Lucas, Ben

doi:10.5740/jaoacint.16-0170

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…There are several known adulterants of St John’s Wort herbal preparations within the genus Hypericum [ 31 ]. These range from close relatives which grow in similar habitats (e.g., H. barbatum , H. hirsutum , H. maculatum , H. montanum and H. tetraptrum in Europe [ 31 ]) to plants which grow widely in geographical areas where H perforatum is less common (e.g., H. patulum in India [ 34 ], H. crux-andreae in the New World [ 31 ] and possibly H. undulatum in China [ 35 , 36 ]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied Barcoding: The Practicalities of DNA Testing for Herbals

Howard

Lockie-Williams

Slater

2020

Plants

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DNA barcoding is a widely accepted technique for the identification of plant materials, and its application to the authentication of commercial medicinal plants has attracted significant attention. The incorporation of DNA-based technologies into the quality testing protocols of international pharmacopoeias represents a step-change in status, requiring the establishment of standardized, reliable and reproducible methods. The process by which this can be achieved for any herbal medicine is described, using Hypericum perforatum L. (St John’s Wort) and potential adulterant Hypericum species as a case study. A range of practical issues are considered including quality control of DNA sequences from public repositories and the construction of individual curated databases, choice of DNA barcode region(s) and the identification of informative polymorphic nucleotide sequences. A decision tree informs the structure of the manuscript and provides a template to guide the development of future DNA barcode tests for herbals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied Barcoding: The Practicalities of DNA Testing for Herbals

Howard

Lockie-Williams

Slater

2020

Plants

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“…Frommenwiler et al . used HPTLC to investigate adulteration on crude SJW herbs, commercial finished SJW products and dry SJW extract.…”

Section: High‐performance Thin‐layer Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, UV spectrophotometry is not considered as the most appropriate tool for the quality control of SJW products and the plant material. Moreover, it has been shown that by adulterating SJW with food dyes, it is possible to mimic the UV spectrum and produce substandard material that passes the analytical test . However, the European Pharmacopoeia still prescribes UV spectrophotometry as quantitative assay for Hyperici herba .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality control of Hypericum perforatum L. analytical challenges and recent progress

Agapouda

Booker

Kiss

et al. 2017

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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Objectives The most widely applied qualitative and quantitative analytical methods in the quality control of Hypericum perforatum extracts will be reviewed, including routine analytical tools and most modern approaches. Key findings Biologically active components of H. perforatum are chemically diverse; therefore, different chromatographic and detection methods are required for the comprehensive analysis of St. John's wort extracts. Naphthodianthrones, phloroglucinols and flavonoids are the most widely analysed metabolites of this plant. For routine quality control, detection of major compounds belonging to these groups seems to be sufficient; however, closer characterization requires the detection of minor compounds as well. Conclusions TLC and HPTLC are basic methods in the routine analysis, whereas HPLC‐DAD is the most widely applied method for quantitative analysis due to its versatility. LC‐MS is gaining importance in pharmacokinetic studies due to its sensitivity. Modern approaches, such as DNA barcoding, NIRS and NMR metabolomics, may offer new possibilities for the more detailed characterization of secondary metabolite profile of H. perforatum extracts.

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“…Previous investigations have revealed how the quality of food supplements (botanicals) is variable (Zheng and Navarro, 2015; Booker et al, 2016a,b; Barrella et al, 2017; Ruhsam and Hollingsworth, 2018), and studies conducted on the chemical quality of HP products showed problems specific to this species, (Frommenwiler et al, 2016; Booker et al, 2018), including strength and dosage inconsistencies and the presence of food dyes. A chemical pattern previously identified by Huck-Pezzei et al (2013) and Frommenwiler et al (2016) was initially labeled “Chinese HP” as it was almost only found in commercial products of Chinese origin. The Chinese material, and, therefore, the ssp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) Products – How Variable Is the Primary Material?

Scotti¹,

Löbel²,

Booker

et al. 2019

Front. Plant Sci.

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Background: Saint John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L., HP) is commonly registered in Europe under the THR scheme (Traditional Herbal Registration) or licensed as a medicine. Nonetheless unregulated medical products and food supplements are accessible through the internet which are often of poor quality. The species’ natural distribution stretches through large regions of Europe to China and four subspecies have been distinguished. When compared to the European Pharmacopoeia reference, the presence of additional compounds was linked to so-called Chinese HP.Aim: In order to obtain an integrated picture of the entire chemoprofile, the chemical composition of HP materia prima was studied using a combination of techniques well-established in the relevant industries. The impact of phytogeographic factors on the materia prima can shed light on whether the variability of the final products is strongly influenced by these factors of whether they relate to poor processing, adulteration, or other factors linked to the processing of the material.Methods: Eighty-six Hypericum samples (77 H. perforatum) were collected from 14 countries. Most were authenticated and harvested in the wild; others came as roughly ground material from commercial cultivations, markets and pharmacies. The samples were analyzed using HPTLC and 1H-NMR-based principal component analysis (PCA).Results and Discussion: Limited chemical variability was found. Nonetheless, the typical fingerprint of Chinese HP was observed in each specimen from China. Additional compounds were also detected in some samples collected in Spain. Rutin is not necessarily present in the crude material. The variability previously found in the marketed products can be ascribed only partially to the geographical origin of harvested material, but mainly to the plant part harvested, closely related to harvesting techniques, processing and probably time of harvest.Conclusion: HP can be sourced in a consistent composition (and thus quality) from different geographical sources. However, chemical variability needs to be accounted for when evaluating what is considered authentic good material. Therefore, the processing and good practice are all stages of primary importance, calling for a better (self-)regulation and quality assurance along the value chain of an herbal medical product or botanical.

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St. John's Wort versus Counterfeit St. John's Wort: An HPTLC Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Applied Barcoding: The Practicalities of DNA Testing for Herbals

Applied Barcoding: The Practicalities of DNA Testing for Herbals

Quality control of Hypericum perforatum L. analytical challenges and recent progress

St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) Products – How Variable Is the Primary Material?

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