SSK-ICS LoRa: A LoRa-Based Modulation Scheme With Constant Envelope and Enhanced Data Rate

Mondal, Aniket; Hanif, Muhammad; Nguyen, Ha H.

doi:10.1109/lcomm.2022.3150666

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Additionally, its devices are asynchronous and use Advocates of Linux Open-source Hawaii Association (ALOHA) in communication, thus increasing the battery lifetime [151]. LoRa devices have a range of up to 15 kms and use two keys for authentication; however, their data transmission rate is low at 50 Kbps [152,153]. Several groups have carried out research in aquatic environments using these technologies to investigate various parameters [154][155][156][157].…”

Section: Wireless Sensor Network For Water Quality Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Wireless Remote Sensing and Sensors for Monitoring Pesticide Pollution in Surface and Groundwater

Mutunga,

Sinanovic,

Harrison

2024

Sensors

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Water constitutes an indispensable resource crucial for the sustenance of humanity, as it plays an integral role in various sectors such as agriculture, industrial processes, and domestic consumption. Even though water covers 71% of the global land surface, governments have been grappling with the challenge of ensuring the provision of safe water for domestic use. A contributing factor to this situation is the persistent contamination of available water sources rendering them unfit for human consumption. A common contaminant, pesticides are not frequently tested for despite their serious effects on biodiversity. Pesticide determination in water quality assessment is a challenging task because the procedures involved in the extraction and detection are complex. This reduces their popularity in many monitoring campaigns despite their harmful effects. If the existing methods of pesticide analysis are adapted by leveraging new technologies, then information concerning their presence in water ecosystems can be exposed. Furthermore, beyond the advantages conferred by the integration of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning (ML), and big data analytics, a notable outcome is the attainment of a heightened degree of granularity in the information of water ecosystems. This paper discusses methods of pesticide detection in water, emphasizing the possible use of electrochemical sensors, biosensors, and paper-based sensors in wireless sensing. It also explores the application of WSNs in water, the IoT, computing models, ML, and big data analytics, and their potential for integration as technologies useful for pesticide monitoring in water.

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Section: Wireless Sensor Network For Water Quality Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Wireless Remote Sensing and Sensors for Monitoring Pesticide Pollution in Surface and Groundwater

Mutunga,

Sinanovic,

Harrison

2024

Sensors

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“…SSK-ICS-LoRa combines SSK-LoRa and ICS-LoRa [51]. It is recalled that in SSK-LoRa uses both the up-chirp symbols and down-chirp symbol to increase the number of transmit bits by 1 relative to LoRa.…”

Section: K Ssk-ics-loramentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Chirp Spread Spectrum-based Waveform Design for IoT

Azim¹,

Bazzi²,

Shubair³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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<p>Long Range (LoRa) is one of the most promising and widespread chirp spread spectrum (CSS)-based physical (PHY) layer technique for low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs). Using different spreading factors, LoRa can attain different spectral/energy efficiencies, and can target multitude of Internet-of-Thing (IoT) applications. However, one of the limiting factors for LoRa is the low bit rate. Little to no effort has been made in order to improve the achievable rate of LoRa, until recently, when a number of CSS-based PHY layer LoRa alternative are proposed for LPWANs. In this survey, for the first time, we present a comprehensive waveform design of these CSS-based schemes that have been proposed between 2019 to 2022. In total, fifteen alternatives to LoRa are compared. Other survey articles related to LoRa mostly tackle different issues, such as LoRa networking, LoRa deployment in massive IoT networks, and LoRa architectures, etc. This survey, on the other hand, comprehensively elucidates the waveform design of LoRa alternatives. The CSS schemes studied in this survey are divided into single chirp, multiple chirp, and index modulation based on the multiplexing pattern of the chirps. Complete transceiver architecture of these CSS schemes is studied, and performance is evaluated in terms of energy efficiency (EE), spectral efficiency (SE), bit-error rate (BER) performance in additive white Gaussian noise, BER in the presence of phase and frequency offsets. It has been observed that the EE, SE and robustness against the offsets is primarily linked to transmit symbol frame structure. The public versions of the MATLAB codes for the CSS schemes studied in this survey shall be provided to promote reproducible research.</p>

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“…Following the basic idea of SM, toward a low-cost hardware implementation, space shift keying modulation (SSK) [ 14 ] offers an extremely simplified MIMO structure, by inheriting the method of the antenna index modulation process in SM while abandoning the traditional digital modulation. In a nutshell, SSK benefits from a simple RF-switching process at the transmitter, which makes it feasible for scenarios with low-cost devices such as Internet of Things (IoT) [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sparse Space Shift Keying Modulation with Enhanced Constellation Mapping

Wang

Huang

Liu

et al. 2022

Sensors

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For reducing the switching frequency between the radio frequency (RF) chain and transmit antennas, a class of new sparse space shift keying modulation (SSSK) schemes are presented. This new class is proposed to simplify hardware implementation, through carefully designing the spatial constellation mapping pattern. Specifically, different from traditional space shift keying modulation (SSK), the proposed SSSK scheme utilizes more time slots to construct a joint design of time and spatial domain SSK modulation, while maintaining the special structure of single RF chain. Since part of the multi-dimension constellations of SSSK concentrate the energy in less time slots, the RF-switching frequency is effectively reduced due to the sparsity introduced in the time domain. Furthermore, through theoretical analysis, we obtain the closed-form expression of the bit error probability for the SSSK scheme, and demonstrate that slight performance gain can be achieved compared to traditional SSK with reduced implementation cost. Moreover, we integrate transmit antenna selection (TAS) to achieve considerable performance gain. Finally, simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed SSSK scheme compared to its traditional counterpart.

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SSK-ICS LoRa: A LoRa-Based Modulation Scheme With Constant Envelope and Enhanced Data Rate

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Integrating Wireless Remote Sensing and Sensors for Monitoring Pesticide Pollution in Surface and Groundwater

Integrating Wireless Remote Sensing and Sensors for Monitoring Pesticide Pollution in Surface and Groundwater

A Survey on Chirp Spread Spectrum-based Waveform Design for IoT

Sparse Space Shift Keying Modulation with Enhanced Constellation Mapping

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