Squirrel poxvirus: Landscape scale strategies for managing disease threat

Gurnell, John; Rushton, Steve; Lurz, Peter W. W.; Sainsbury, Anthony W.; Nettleton, P. F.; Shirley, Mark; Bruemmer, C.; Geddes, Neville

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.04.009

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Our results support previous studies Du et al (2010) and Gurnell et al (2006) who concluded that in the absence of grey squirrels SQPV would not persist due to the increased mortality of reds reducing the chance of disease transmission. This suggests that the disease cannot persist without an additional local reservoir of infection and emphasises that limiting grey squirrel introductions and/or preventing the further population expansion of grey squirrels may be critical to safe-guarding the remaining red squirrel populations in the UK.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Incorporating habitat distribution in wildlife disease models: conservation implications for the threat of squirrelpox on the Isle of Arran

Macpherson

Davidson

Duncan

et al. 2015

Animal Conservation

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Emerging infectious diseases are a substantial threat to native populations. The spread of disease through naive native populations will depend on both demographic and disease parameters, as well as on habitat suitability and connectivity. Using the potential spread of squirrelpox virus (SQPV) on the Isle of Arran as a case study, we develop mathematical models to examine the impact of an emerging disease on a population in a complex landscape of dierent habitat types. Furthermore, by considering a range of disease parameters, we infer more generally how complex landscapes interact with disease characteristics to determine the spread and persistence of disease. Specic ndings indicate that a SQPV outbreak on Arran is likely to be short lived and localised to the point of introduction allowing recovery of red squirrels to pre-infection densities; this has important consequences for the conservation of red squirrels. More generally, we nd the extent of disease spread is dependent on the rare passage of infection through poor quality corridors connecting good quality habitats. Acute, highly transmissible infectious diseases are predicted to spread rapidly causing high mortality. Nonetheless the disease typically fades out following local epidemics and is not supported in the long-term. A chronic infectious disease is predicted to spread more slowly but can remain endemic in the population. This allows the disease to spread more extensively in the long-term as it increases the chance of spread between poorly connected populations. Our results highlight how a detailed understanding of landscape connectivity is crucial when considering conservation strategies to protect native species from disease threats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Incorporating habitat distribution in wildlife disease models: conservation implications for the threat of squirrelpox on the Isle of Arran

Macpherson

Davidson

Duncan

et al. 2015

Animal Conservation

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“…Reunanen et al, 2002;Selonen & Hanski, 2004). Instead, the red squirrel has been dramatically declining in British Isles and in Italy (Gurnell & Lurz, 1997) due to interaction with the introduced grey squirrel Sciurus carolinensis (Gurnell et al, 2006). Surprisingly, proper data for the population trends of red squirrel are lacking in North Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Decline of flying and red squirrels in boreal forests revealed by long‐term diet analyses of avian predators

Selonen

Sulkava²,

Sulkava³

et al. 2010

Animal Conservation

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Conservation of species requires knowledge on population changes in time, but achieving such data in proper spatio-temporal scales can often be difficult for rare and vulnerable species. We used long-term diet data of three avian predators (the nocturnal Ural and eagle owls and the diurnal goshawk) from four landscapes to study population changes of two forest-dwelling species, the Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans and the red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris in Finland. We also determined the role of vulnerable flying squirrel in the diet of these predators. Both squirrel species were relatively rare in the diets of the three avian predators, with the exception of red squirrel in the diet of goshawks. The Siberian flying squirrel also appears to be a less important prey for avian predators than flying squirrel species (Glaucomys spp.) are in North American forest communities. Numbers of consumed flying squirrels, but not of red squirrels, increased as the abundances of voles increased in the diets of eagle and Ural owls, that is more flying squirrels were consumed during the good vole years than the poor ones. The declining trends in the diets of three avian predators appeared to be quite similar for both studied squirrel species, possibly indicating that the process behind the decline has been the same.

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“…Arguably, the multiple introductions and fast expansion of grey squirrels outside of their native range is one of 72 the most thoroughly documented cases of biological invasion (Gurnell et al 2006). Additionally, the ecology of 73 the grey squirrel in native and introduced areas, and the European red squirrel (S. vulgaris), the native squirrel 74 most often affected by the invader, are well known.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling future range expansion and management strategies for an invasive squirrel species

2016

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Squirrel poxvirus: Landscape scale strategies for managing disease threat

Cited by 36 publications

References 43 publications

Incorporating habitat distribution in wildlife disease models: conservation implications for the threat of squirrelpox on the Isle of Arran

Incorporating habitat distribution in wildlife disease models: conservation implications for the threat of squirrelpox on the Isle of Arran

Decline of flying and red squirrels in boreal forests revealed by long‐term diet analyses of avian predators

Modeling future range expansion and management strategies for an invasive squirrel species

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