11Objective: Amplicon sequencing targeted 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) has been widely used for the 12 analysis profile of the microbial community from fermented food samples. Previous results of 16S 13 rRNA analysis metagenome showed that Firmicutes was the dominant phylum in tempeh. However, 14 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) steps on amplicon sequencing analysis and intragenomic 15 heterogeneity within 16S rRNA are believed to contribute to bias in the estimation of microbial 16 community composition. An alternative approach known as shotgun metagenomic might be able to 17 avoid this limitation. In this study, we employed total metagenomic DNA fragments sequenced 18 directly for taxonomic dan functional profiling analysis.
19Result: Taxonomic profiling showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the 20 dominant phyla from direct shotgun metagenomic analysis in all tempeh samples. In terms of 21 composition, the shotgun metagenomic study revealed that Proteobacteria was the most relatively 22 abundant phylum. Functional profiling showed that iron complex outer-membrane recepter protein 23 (KEGG ID: K02014) was the most transcribed genes based on metagenome from tempeh samples. 24 25 26 109 bacteria, Proteobacteria was the abundant phylum (Figure 1). Functional profiling used the latest 110 publicly version of KEGG database for KEGG ID annotation. Iron complex outer-membrane 111 recepter protein (KEGG ID: K02014) was the most transcripted expression in the metagenome from 112 tempeh samples (Figure 2). 113 Binning and Bin Check 114The total number of bins obtained from co-assembly metagenome EMP and WJB samples result 115 from DAS tool were 22. According to CheckM result, nine bins categorized as good-quality bins, 116 which completeness more than 75% with less than 10% contamination. Among good-quality bins, 117 six categorized as high-quality bins, which completeness more than 90% (Table 1). 118 119 Discussion 120 Study of the microbial community of EMP and WJB tempeh samples using 16S rRNA metagenome 121 sequencing analysis already conducted. Concordant with the result of shotgun metagenome 122 sequencing analysis in this study, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the abundant 123 phylum, although different in composition. Firmicutes relatively most abundant in amplicon 124 sequencing study while in a shotgun metagenomics study was Proteobacteria. The data expand the 125 understanding of bioprocess during soybean fermentation compare to previous microbial ecology 126 study using amplicon sequencing \cite{Kumar_2019, Sarkar_2002}.