Squalene and Skin Barrier Function: From Molecular Target to Biomarker of Environmental Exposure

Boussouira, Boudiaf; Pham, D.-M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43157-4_2

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Thus, the sebum affected by the oxidation promoted by ozone, and by the association UVA/PAH, could act as an exogenous sensitizer in aggravating atopy. In addition, squalene peroxidation can promote the formation of mediators in the development of acne [27].…”

Section: Pollution Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Topical Antioxidants to Maintain Healthy Skin—A Review

et al. 2020

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The skin is constantly exposed to various environmental stresses, in particular to the damage caused by pollution and ultraviolet radiation (UV), and as a consequence, the horny extract can be negatively impacted by the harmful influence of some of its surface components. The mechanisms involved in the degradation processes promoted by UV radiation are driven by the direct absorption of radiation via cellular chromophores, the formation of excited states and the consequent chemical reactions, or even by the photosensitization mechanisms, in which UV light is absorbed by the sensitizers that are excited and their reactions promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mechanisms of polluting agents are not yet fully understood, however, they indicate that one of the main mechanisms involved is oxidative stress by lipid peroxidation, with the ability to promote damage to the composition of sebum, the quality of the stratum corneum and also, promote aging skin. Recent studies demonstrate the potential of antioxidant agents, with an emphasis on products of natural origin, which try to promote the maintenance of the physiological balance of the skin.

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Section: Pollution Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Topical Antioxidants to Maintain Healthy Skin—A Review

et al. 2020

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“…Imbalances in the composition of sebum are associated with a number of diseases and conditions. Sebum potentially has biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (Morgan 2016), inflammation (Lee et al 2016), and environmental exposure (Boussouira and Pham 2016). The variability and low volume of sebum makes it more challenging to collect in a microfluidic device, though a large-area smart bandage approach embedded in clothing may be one solution.…”

Section: Analysis Of Skin Secretionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Devices with Microfluidics

Iniewski¹,

Selimović

Piraino³

2017

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“…Moreover, skin biopsies from psoriatic patients showed an elevated level of 9- and 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids as well as 8- and 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids [ 6 ]. Squalene (SQ) (SQ, Figure 1 ), the most abundant among SSLs (12%), and a precursor of natural steroids [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], plays an overall protective role on the skin, as it acts as an antioxidant and a protective barrier [ 10 , 11 ], it also enhances the skin’s immunity through the promotion of IL-1β and the activation of T cells [ 12 , 13 ]. SQ is also often consumed as a supplement extracted from shark liver oil (its richest natural source) [ 14 ], or as a component of different edible oils [ 15 ], it exhibits multiple health benefits from being an antioxidant [ 10 , 16 ], a nanoparticle to deliver therapeutic agents [ 17 , 18 ], an adjuvant [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], and an anticancer agent [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Photoinduced Squalene Cyclic Peroxide Identified, Detected, and Quantified in Human Skin Surface Lipids

et al. 2021

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Skin surface lipids (SSLs) form the first barrier that protects the human organism from external stressors, disruption of the homeostasis of SSLs can result in severe skin abnormalities. One of the main causes of this disruption is oxidative stress that is primarily due to SSLs oxidation. Squalene (SQ), the most abundant lipid among SSLs, was shown to first undergo singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) oxidation to yield 6 SQ-monohydroperoxide (SQ-OOH) isomers as the primary oxidation products. However, due to the instability and lability of hydroperoxides, we found that when total SQ-OOH isomers are further photooxidized, they form a unique higher molecular weight secondary oxidation product. To generate the compound, we photooxidized total SQ-OOH isomers in the presence of ground state molecular oxygen (3O2), after its isolation and purification, we studied its structure using MS/MS, NMR, derivatization reactions, and chemical calculations. The compound was identified as 2-OOH-3-(1,2-dioxane)-SQ. Photooxidation of individual SQ-OOH isomers revealed that 6-OOH-SQ is the precursor of 2-OOH-3-(1,2-dioxane)-SQ and indicated the possibility of the formation of similar cyclic peroxides from each isomer following the same photoinduced chain reaction mechanism. An HPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of 2-OOH-3-(1,2-dioxane)-SQ and its presence on the skin was confirmed in SSLs of six healthy individuals. Its quantity on the skin correlated directly to that of SQ and was not inversely proportional to its precursor, indicating the possibility of its accumulation on the skin surface and the constant regeneration of 6-OOH-SQ from SQ’s oxidation. In general, research on lipid cyclic peroxides in the human organism is very limited, and especially on the skin. This study shows for the first time the identification and presence of a novel SQ cyclic peroxide “2-OOH-3-(1,2-dioxane)-SQ” in SSLs, shedding light on the importance of further studying its effect and role on the skin.

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Squalene and Skin Barrier Function: From Molecular Target to Biomarker of Environmental Exposure

Cited by 11 publications

References 62 publications

Contribution of Topical Antioxidants to Maintain Healthy Skin—A Review

Contribution of Topical Antioxidants to Maintain Healthy Skin—A Review

Diagnostic Devices with Microfluidics

Novel Photoinduced Squalene Cyclic Peroxide Identified, Detected, and Quantified in Human Skin Surface Lipids

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