Spring Precipitation Deficiency in Poland and Its Temporal and Spatial Variability in the Context of Agricultural Needs

Abstract

Deficient precipitation (dPr) in the growing season, especially in critical periods, affects plant condition and determines the quality and quantity of obtained yields. Knowledge about the variability and distribution of dPr is essential to mitigate its effect on agricultural soils and on crop and livestock production. The goal of the work is to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of spring precipitation deficiency and also to indicate the zones of risk and variability of its occurrence in Poland. It was assumed that dPr occurred when total monthly precipitation in a given year accounted for ≤75% of the total multi-year mean (1951–2018). In the spring season, the multi-year mean of the area covered by deficient precipitation (ACDP) amounted to 33% and fluctuated between approximately 31% in May and approximately 35% in March. The study distinguished four zones in Poland that vary in terms of the risk and variability of spring precipitation deficiency. The obtained results may be used, for example, to assess the needs for irrigation in the changing climate conditions, to model the growing season and yields of cultivated plants, and to select adaptation measures for agriculture in response to climate change.

Optimizing Potato Yield through the Application of the Supporter Biostimulant

“…Locations with similar climatic conditions may exhibit similar yield patterns and tuber structural characteristics. Similar observations regarding potato yield in different terrain conditions were made by Kalbarczyk & Kalbarczyk [56] and Pszczółkowski et al [58].…”

“…Adding green light to red and blue light may increase chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and production of smaller-sized tubers. A high proportion of red and blue light may increase tuber production, while adding green light may favor the production of smaller-sized tubers [55][56][57]. In summary, our research has shown the significant impact of potato varieties on yield and its quantitative characteristics.…”

“…Research by Kalbarczyk & Kalbarczyk [56] showed that optimal conditions for potato yield include average air temperature during May-September (15.2°C), lower than average rainfall in May (45 mm), moderate rainfall in June (65 mm), and above-average rainfall in July (90 mm), August (75 mm), and September (60 mm). Rainfall deficits compared to potato requirements, especially in northwestern and central-western Poland, can lead to yield reduction.…”

Variability of Thermal and Precipitation Conditions in the Area North-Eastern Lublin Region in the Aspect of Atmospheric Drought Risk in the Period From 1971 to 2020

“…Due to the fact that the Lublin region is a typically agricultural region, an increase in average precipitation totals -which was observed in our research from January to March -is beneficial from the viewpoint of meeting the precipitation needs of plants. It is un- Explanations: + p < 0.1, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 -significance level; P(mm) -average monthly precipitation total; cv(%) -coefficient of precipitation variability; Mann-Kendall (Z test) test -coefficient value of average monthly precipitation total trend; Sen's slope -increase/decrease of average monthly precipitation total in terms of 1 year favourable from the point of view of plant production that precipitation is not evenly distributed during the growing season -long periods of days without precipitation or an increase in the frequency of intensive precipitation can be observed (Pińskwar et al, 2019;Kalbarczyk and Kalbarczyk, 2022).…”

Characterization of Precipitation Concentration Indicators and Their Variations in a Central European Region

“…These hazards are mainly linked to changes in precipitation; however, anthropogenic changes could intensify these problems (Kundzewicz et al 2005, Bryndal 2015, Boergens et al 2020). In addition, in the north of this region the Baltic Sea is located, and according to its characteristics, the Baltic sea region is sensitive to meteorological droughts as low ows could affect the quality of the Baltic Sea and its ecosystem (Kundzewicz 2009, Meier et Kalbarczyk and Kalbarczyk 2022). This study is novel in that it represents the rst comprehensive evaluation of precipitation concentration variability in a region of Central Europe using various indices, based on a gridded dataset.…”