Spring and Fall Diet of the Endangered West Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus)

Mitchell, Donna

doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2001)146[0439:safdot]2.0.co;2

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Furthermore, G. sabrinus prefers truffles over other food items in feeding trials and uses truffles relatively more often than would be expected from availability across the forest (Cazares et al 1999;Lehmkuhl et al 2004). Arboreal lichens also are a common ( 49% in central Appalachians) food (Hall 1991;McKeever 1960;Mitchell 2001;, particularly during winter, but not everywhere (Currah et al 2000). Diet composition and diversity vary depending on forest type (Holloway 2006;Lehmkuhl et al 2004;Weigl 2007;Weigl et al 1999), ecological community Holloway 2006;Maser and Maser 1988;Weigl 1978), and season (Cazares et al 1999;Currah et al 2000;McKeever 1960;Mitchell 2001;Rosentreter et al 1997;Vernes et al 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fundamental food niche of G. sabrinus seems quite broad and its diet can include a wide range of plant and animal items ) that change with availability (Mitchell 2001;Weigl et al 1999). In any region, however, the diet or other niche dimensions of G. sabrinus can be narrow or highly specialized (Carey 1991(Carey , 1996 and differ substantially from other portions of its range (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…G. sabrinus seems to rely on fungi, largely truffles, in western coniferous forests (Cazares et al 1999;Currah et al 2000;Meyer and North 2005;Rosentreter et al 1997), especially in the Pacific Northwest (Carey 1995;Carey et al 1999;Hall 1991;Maser et al 1985Maser et al , 1986Lehmkuhl et al 2004;Thysell et al 1997;Waters et al 2000). This species depends less on truffles in the eastern portion of its range (Holloway 2006;Mitchell 2001;Vernes et al 2004), or where plant understories are more diverse (Loeb et al 2000;Weigl 2007;Weigl et al 1999) or small mammal communities are less diverse . However, factors that determine the diet of local populations remain unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ecology ofGlaucomys sabrinus: Habitat, Demography, and Community Relations

Smith¹

2007

J Mammal

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Ecology ofGlaucomys sabrinus: Habitat, Demography, and Community Relations

Smith¹

2007

J Mammal

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“…Diet consists of tree buds, lichens, epigenous and hypogenous fungi, and beechnuts; at times, the population may be entirely supported by fungi (USFWS 1990). Mycorrhizal fungi spore dispersal, facilitated by squirrels, may contribute to tree health in high-altitude forests (Mitchell 2001). The individual home range requirement is 5-7 hectares, and nesting habitat appears to be a limiting factor, with nests often containing several adults.…”

Section: Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape Nonindigenous Species Risk Assessment: Asian Oyster and Nun Moth Case Studies

Landis

Chen

Colnar

et al. 2010

Environmental Risk Assessment and Management From a Landscape Perspective

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The idea that invasive or nonindigenous species produce a societal cost has become a cultural cliché. Despite the high level of societal concern, the risk assessment process has not been widely used to quantify the risks of invasive species.The study of invasive species has been approached largely on a case-by-case basis, and field studies often have been too idiosyncratic to be used to derive general hypothesis of invasive species establishment (Vermeij 1996). Laboratory and garden studies are hampered by problems of scale, replication, and control (Wardle 2001, Doak et al. 1998. Hypothesized mechanisms for invasive species establishment and spread abound and most may be separated into two general categories: (1) attributes of the nonindigenous species and (2) attributes of the community into which the invasive species has arrived. Studies considering the former are typically searches for lists of common traits among the various species of invasive species, and exceptions to these lists are common (Mack et al. 2000).One of the strongest predictors of plant introductions is if the species has established in another location (Kolar and Lodge 2001). In fish invasions of the Great Lakes, the factors that determined establishment were relatively faster growth, toleration of a wider range of temperature and salinity, and a past history of invasiveness (Kolar and Lodge 2002). Quickly spreading fish have the features of slower relative Environmental Risk and Management from a Landscape Perspective, edited by Kapustka and Landis

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“…Second, diets of some animals, such as potoroine (rat-kangaroos) marsupials (Seebeck et al 1990) are almost all fungi. Finally, flying squirrels, which can ill afford to fill their relatively simple gastrointestinal tracts with diets of poor digestibility, specialise in mycophagy during most times of the year (Currah et al 2000;Flaherty et al 2010;Lehmkuhl et al 2004;Maser et al 1985;Mitchell 2001;Pyare & Longland 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen content, amino acid composition and digestibility of fungi from a nutritional perspective in animal mycophagy

2012

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Fungi comprise a major part of the diet of many animals. Even so, the nutritional value of fungi has been much debated, with some arguing that fungi are nutritionally poor. However, the chemical composition of fungi and of the biology of the animals that eat them are not well understood, particularly in reference to amino acid (AA) composition of fungi and digestibility of fungal protein. We analysed fibre, total nitrogen (N), available N, and AA contents and measured in vitro digestibility of a wide range of epigeous and hypogeous fungi collected in Australia and the USA to test three hypotheses: (i) fungi are nutritionally poor because they contain few nutrients or are otherwise of low digestibility, (ii) fungi vary substantially in their nutritional composition; and (iii) animals can counter this variable quality by eating diverse taxa. Resultant data indicate many fungi are a reasonable source of AAs and digestible nitrogen. However, they vary highly between species in AA content, and the protein has a poor balance of digestible AAs. This helps explain why many mycophagous animals eat a wide array of fungi and often have digestive strategies to cope with fungi, such as foregut fermentation. Another common strategy is to supplement the diet with high quality protein, such as insect protein. Accordingly, evaluating nutritional value of fungi requires consideration of physiology of the animal species and their whole diet.

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Spring and Fall Diet of the Endangered West Virginia Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus)

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

Ecology ofGlaucomys sabrinus: Habitat, Demography, and Community Relations

Ecology ofGlaucomys sabrinus: Habitat, Demography, and Community Relations

Landscape Nonindigenous Species Risk Assessment: Asian Oyster and Nun Moth Case Studies

Nitrogen content, amino acid composition and digestibility of fungi from a nutritional perspective in animal mycophagy

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