Spread of tumors to the skin

Brownstein, Martin H.

doi:10.1001/archderm.107.1.80

Cited by 106 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the internists' reviews do not concur with dermatologists' studies (8,10). Clinical manifestations of skin metastases were classified as nodular, inflammatory, and sclerodermoid metastatic lesion by Brownstein and Helwig (1). Generally, the nodular type is the result of hematogenous metastasis, and is likely to be most commonand multiple (3,4,12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Features of Skin Metastasis from Lung Cancer.

Hidaka¹,

Ishii²,

Kitamura³

1996

Intern. Med.

130

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Metastasis to the skin from lung cancer is less commonthan metastasis to other organs. We clinically reviewed 16 cases of skin metastasis. The incidence of skin metastasis was 2.8% among all 579 cases of lung cancer. Large cell carcinoma showed the greatest tendency to spread to the skin and epidermoid carcinoma showedthe least tendency. The most commonsites for skin lesions were the back. Almost all lesions ranged from 1 to 5 cm in diameter. Clinical manifestation of skin metastasis was nodular type in all cases. At the development of skin metastasis, all cases were accompaniedby metastasis to other organs. There was only a slight response to combination chemotherapy carried out 5 cases for lung cancer, and most lesions were progressive. Median survival after skin involvement was approximately 4 months. (Internal Medicine 35: 459-462, 1996)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1970s, Brownstein and Helwig reported that lung cancer as well as breast cancer werethe mostcommon cancers to metastasize to the skin (1,2). Since 1993, the mortality from lung cancer has been the highest for malignancies in Japan, and recently it has been reported to be the most commoninternal malignancy to metastasize to the skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Features of Skin Metastasis from Lung Cancer.

Hidaka¹,

Ishii²,

Kitamura³

1996

Intern. Med.

130

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“…7 Generally, the nodular type represents metastasis by blood stream, the inflammatory type by lymph flow, and the sclerodermoid type by direct infiltration. 8 Remote skin metastases, especially if they appear before invasion of local lymph nodes, can be regarded as hematogenous metastases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cutaneous metastases often show a lesser degree of differentiation than those of the primary neoplasm. 7 In the experience of McKee, 9 a significant number of metastatic tumors in the skin show no distinctive histopathological features, and can only be reported as metastatic anaplastic carcinoma. Usually, pancreatic carcinomas metastasize rapidly to the lymphatic system by permeation, embolization, and retrograde spread in the presence of lymphatic obstruction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Metastases as the Presenting Sign of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in a Renal Transplant Patient

Mayorga

Torio

et al. 2000

Ann Saudi Med

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Metastases of the skin from visceral carcinoma are uncommon. The frequency varies from 0.7% to 9.0%.1 Such wide variation may represent in part the diligence with which cutaneous metastases are sought. In skin metastases, the most frequent primary tumors in men are carcinoma of the lung, carcinoma of the large intestine, melanoma, and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.2,3 In women, they are carcinoma of the breast, carcinoma of the large intestine, melanoma, and carcinoma of the ovary.2,3 Metastatic carcinoma of the pancreas involving the skin is rare. Brownstein and Helwig 2 recorded 15 cases in 724 patients with metastatic tumors. In studying 50 patients with cutaneous metastases, Tharakaram 4 could not record any case of pancreatic origin. Furthermore, skin metastases as the presenting sign of a pancreatic carcinoma are even more uncommon. Miyahara et al. 5 reviewed the literature and found only 20 cases in which the cutaneous metastases were present prior to the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.Solid organ transplantation with immunosuppression is associated with an increased incidence of tumors occurring in the recipient. However, pancreatic carcinoma has a very low incidence in transplanted patients. 6 We report a transplanted patient who presented with multiple metastatic lesions in the skin, developing quickly, as the first sign of pancreatic carcinoma. As far as we know, this event has not been reported in a transplant recipient. Case ReportA 51-year-old extremely obese woman presented in September 1995 with a three-month history of multiple nodules in the skin of the neck, thorax, abdomen and both legs. The nodules appeared 15 days after an episode of acute laryngitis and had gradually enlarged. One nodule located in the left popliteal region made it difficult for the patient to stand up. Her past medical history revealed a renal transplantation for end-stage kidney disease in September 1992. Post-transplant treatment included cyclosporin A, prednisolone, and azathioprine. The patient had no rejection episodes in the interval.Physical examination disclosed multiple nodules on the neck, thorax, abdomen, back and both legs. These nodules were bluish, 1-4 cm in diameter, firm in consistency, and tender to palpation. A punch biopsy was performed on an abdominal nodule. Pathological examination showed anaplastic carcinoma, with abundant clear cells, dermo-hypodermal in location. The source of the tumor was not conclusive. Routine blood tests revealed normochromic anemia, with a hemoglobin of 9.8 g/dL and hematocrit of 29.6%. Serum hCG and AFP levels were normal. Serum LDH and uric acid were 721 U/L and 8.9 mg/dL, respectively. X-ray and CT scan of the chest showed a 3-cm round mass in the left lung close to the hilum, consistent with pulmonary metastasis. Abdominopelvic CT scan showed no abnormalities. A gammagraphic study revealed pathologic uptake in both left femoral condyles. Immunosuppression regime was continued. Several days later, the patient developed diplopia, right exophthalmos, and con...

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“…Brownstein and Helwig classify clinical manifestations of skin metastases as nodular, inflammatory, and sclerodermoid metastatic lesions. 3 The scalp is a favorite site of cutaneous metastasis of lung cancers that accounts for 54% of all cutaneous metastases of this cancer. This finding can be explained by the rich blood flow in the scalp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multiple Skin Metastases Imaged with FDG PET/CT: The First Clinical Finding of Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma: Original Image

Ak¹,

Sivrikoz²,

Akçay³

2011

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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1046ur patient was a 59-year-old man with multiple skin lesions in his scalp. Clinically, lesions were on the frontal and parietal parts of scalp. They were necrotic and ulcerated. Pathological and immunohistochemical (with CEA, EMA, TTF-1) examination of the skin lesions revealed metastases of a squamous cell carcinoma. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) was performed to assess the primary tumor, and the scan demonstrated two intense hypermetabolic cutaneous lesions in the scalp (one was 2.5 cm in size and SUV 4.8; other was 2 cm in size and SUV 3.6) ( Figure 1). In addition, there was a mass obliterating upper lobe bronchus of the right lung (5 x 5 cm in size, SUV 6.5) and multiple ipsilateral mediastinal and hilar hypermetabolic lymph nodes on PET/CT images (Figure 2). The diagnosis of the specimen obtained by bronchoscopic biopsy from the mass was reported as squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.In cases of lung cancer, metastasis to the skin is less common than that to other organs (brain, bones, liver, and adrenal) and the reported incidence ranges from 1 to 12%.

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Spread of tumors to the skin

Cited by 106 publications

References 0 publications

Clinical Features of Skin Metastasis from Lung Cancer.

Clinical Features of Skin Metastasis from Lung Cancer.

Skin Metastases as the Presenting Sign of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in a Renal Transplant Patient

Multiple Skin Metastases Imaged with FDG PET/CT: The First Clinical Finding of Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma: Original Image

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