The main objective of this study was to analyze the pathogenic role of the tumor necrosis factor ␣ (TNF-␣) system in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Fifty-two obese patients were studied. We investigated: (1) the expression of mRNA of TNF-␣ and their p55 and p75-receptors by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in hepatic and adipose tissues; and (2) the relationship between TNF-␣, p55, and p75 and the severity of NASH. Obese patients without NASH were the control group. A remarkable increase in the expression of mRNA of TNF-␣ was found in patients with NASH in hepatic tissue (0.65 ؎ 0.54) and in peripheral fat (0.43 ؎ 0.45); in the control samples, the mRNA expression was 0.28 ؎ 0.32, P < .007, and 0.26 ؎ 0.22, P < .018, respectively. Furthermore, we found a significant increase in the mRNA levels of p55 receptor (2.42 ؎ 1.81 vs. 1.56 ؎ 1.17; P < .05); however, the mRNA expression of the p75 receptor was similar in both patients. Those patients with NASH with significant fibrosis presented an increase in the expression of mRNA TNF-␣ in comparison with those with a slight or nonexistent fibrosis. An overexpression of TNF-␣ mRNA is found in the liver and in the adipose tissue of NASH patients. The levels of mRNA-p55 are increased in the liver tissue of NASH patients. This overexpression is more elevated in patients with more advanced NASH. These findings suggest that the TNF-␣ system may be involved in the pathogenesis of NASH.

The level of HER2 gene amplification significantly predicts sensitivity to therapy and overall survival in advanced gastric cancer treated with trastuzumab-based chemotherapy.

NAFLD patients have elevated plasma levels of LBP and they are further increased in patients with NASH. This increase is related to a rise in TNF-alpha gene expression in the hepatic tissue which supports a role for endotoxemia in the development of steatohepatitis in obese patients.