Spouted-Bed Gasification of Flame Retardant Textiles as a Potential Non-Conventional Biomass

Yasin, Sohail; Curti, Massimo; Rovero, Giorgio; Hussain, Munir; Sun, Danmei

doi:10.3390/app10030946

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Gasification was suggested as an alternative to incineration of flame-retardant cotton textiles, which can release toxic gases and contaminated ash [67]. Textiles were gasified in a spouted bed gasification plant.…”

Section: Thermal Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of flame retardant in the textiles was found to lower the gasification temperature and syngas production. Removal of flame retardant prior to textile gasification resulted in higher volatile contents and moisture and lower carbon concentrations [67]. Vela et al performed steam gasification of cotton and polyester using a fluidized bed reactor and found cotton to be more suitable for syngas production [68].…”

Section: Thermal Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State of the Art in Textile Waste Management: A Review

Tang

2023

Textiles

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Textile waste constitutes a significant fraction of municipal solid waste sent to landfill or incinerated. Its innovative management is important to enhance sustainability and circularity. This review aims to present the latest policies and the state-of-the-art technologies in the collection, sorting and recycling of textile waste. Policies at global and regional levels are increasingly made to address the sustainability of the textile industry and integrate the concept of circular economy. They are crucial to driving changes and innovations in current textile waste management. The Internet of Things, big data, blockchain and smart contracts have been proposed to improve transparency, traceability and accountability in the textile waste collection process. They optimize collection routes, and transactions and agreements among stakeholders. The sorting of textile waste using near-infrared spectroscopy, optical sorting and artificial intelligence enables its separation based on composition, color and quality. The mechanical recycling of textiles regenerates fibers with the same or different applications from those of the original fabrics. Fibers have been used for making building and slope protection materials. Chemical recycling depolymerizes waste textiles using chemicals to produce monomers for new textiles or other materials, while biological recycling uses enzymes and microorganisms for this purpose instead of chemicals. Thermal recycling recovers energy and fuels from textile waste through pyrolysis, gasification and hydrothermal liquefaction. These innovations may have the drawbacks of high cost and scalability. This review contributes to decision making by synthesizing the strengths and weaknesses of the innovations in textile waste management.

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Section: Thermal Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art in Textile Waste Management: A Review

Tang

2023

Textiles

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“…Storage and transport must also be done according to specific regulations. The proper disposal of waste wool is thus associated to high costs (around 150 €/ton [93]). This results in the increase in burning or burial alternatives, leading to serious environmental impacts: contrarily to other textile residues [93], wool residues cannot be burned easily.…”

Section: Wool Residues and Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Approach to Convert Lignocellulosic and Wool Residues into Balanced Fertilisers

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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Valorising biomass waste and producing renewable energy or materials is the aim of several conversion technologies. In this work, we consider two residues from different production chains: lignocellulosic residues from agriculture and wool residues from sheep husbandry. These materials are produced in large quantities, and their disposal is often costly and challenging for farmers. For their valorisation, we focus on slow pyrolysis for the former and water hydrolysis for the latter, concisely presenting the main literature related to these two processes. Pyrolysis produces the C-rich biochar, suitable for soil amending. Hydrolysis produces a N-rich fertiliser. We demonstrate how these two processes could be fruitfully integrated, as their products can be flexibly mixed to produce fertilisers. This solution would allow the achievement of balanced and tuneable ratios between C and N and the enhancement of the mechanical properties. We propose scenarios for this combined valorisation and for its coupling with other industries. As a result, biomass waste would be returned to the field, following the principles of circular economy.

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“…Giulio et al [35] investigated annular combustors, and the results showed how small differences between the flame responses lead to one strong topological change in the dynamical system phase space, making the system prefer orientation angles at two azimuthal locations, one opposite of the other in the annulus, as found in the experiments. Sohail et al [36,37] studied the spouted-bed gasification of flame-retardant textiles based on combustion chamber dynamics, and found that thermal value-added techniques (e.g., gasification) would help to avoid the formation of additional toxic hazards. Alternative solutions were provided as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of the Pre-Chamber and Nozzle Design in the Gasoline Engine of an Agricultural Tractor

Zheng¹,

Zhou²,

Song³

et al. 2022

Energies

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With the rapid development of agriculture in China today, the demand for agricultural machinery is rapidly increasing. A large amount of exhaust gas emissions poses a severe threat to the environment. To better promote engine fuel and air mixing, enhance engine performance, and achieve low emissions, we conducted a numerical study of the pre-chamber and nozzle design in a gasoline engine for an agricultural tractor by using the G-equation method in Converge CFD software. The relevant optimization of the three model parameters in the G-equation was performed using the improved particle swarm algorithm (PSO). The model parameters after optimization by the PSO algorithm were: a1=0.77, b1=2.0, b3=1.0. It was confirmed that the predicted engine performance was enhanced greatly with the pre-chamber system. More importantly, the results reveal that the volume and area ratios of the pre-chamber played a crucial role in the performance of the pre-chamber. Through a series of parametric studies on the pre-chamber and main chamber characteristics, we can identify the best sets of volume and area ratios based on the combustion reaction progress, the turbulent mixing profiles, and the exhaust gas emission. The turbulent maximum strength and the exhaust gas concentration of nitrogen oxides can differ by 13 and 18 times, respectively. In practical design, we recommend the optimization of the concerned metrics with the findings in the paper.

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Spouted-Bed Gasification of Flame Retardant Textiles as a Potential Non-Conventional Biomass

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

State of the Art in Textile Waste Management: A Review

State of the Art in Textile Waste Management: A Review

An Integrated Approach to Convert Lignocellulosic and Wool Residues into Balanced Fertilisers

Numerical Investigation of the Pre-Chamber and Nozzle Design in the Gasoline Engine of an Agricultural Tractor

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