Spotlighting graphene quantum dots and beyond: Synthesis, properties and sensing applications

Valappil, Manila Ozhukil; Pillai, Vijayamohanan K.; Alwarappan, Subbiah

doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2017.09.002

Cited by 98 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…For the pyrolysis-mediated fabrication of GQDs, the precursor molecules are generally divided into two categories: aromatic (hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene, HBC) and non-aromatic (citric acid, glucose, etc.). Though the aromatic molecules possessed a pi system, the non-aromatic precursor molecules need intraand intermolecular dehydrogenation (Ozhukil Valappil et al, 2017). Recently, Lee et al fabricated single crystalline GQDs using D-glucose as a precursor (Lee et al, 2019).…”

Section: Carbonization/pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stepwise organic synthesis-mediated GQD fabrication is an effective solution chemistry method, which offers uniform and well-defined GQDs. Despite the significant advancements in the preparation of GQDs via stepwise organic synthesis, the poor aqueous solubility of the produced GQDs and the possibility of large molecular size because of the side reactions are the major bottlenecks, which need to be addressed (Ozhukil Valappil et al, 2017). Further, the low throughput and the aggregation of GQDs in solution due to π-π interactions also demanded careful considerations for industrial production.…”

Section: Stepwise Organic Synthesis/cage Openingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, owing to the excellent photostability, extended fluorescence, small size, biocompatibility, low cost, ease of preparation, non-toxicity, and water dispersibility, fluorescent GQDs surpass the conventional organic and semiconductor QDbased fluorophores, and emerged as a versatile and universal fluorophore, offering unprecedented opportunities in bioimaging for precise diagnosis (Shen et al, 2012;Li et al, 2017;Zhang and Ding, 2018). Though physicochemical properties, fluorescence mechanism, and applications of GQDs in energy, photocatalysis, optoelectronic devices (Haque et al, 2018;Tian et al, 2018;Yan et al, 2019), sensing (Fan et al, 2015;Zhou et al, 2016;Ozhukil Valappil et al, 2017), and cancer theranostics (Lin et al, 2016;Schroeder et al, 2016) have been well-reviewed, and the rapid advancements in bioimaging applications of GQDs strictly demand a periodic update. Therefore, in this mini review, we attempt to spotlight the latest developments in GQD research, focusing on their bioimaging applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances on Graphene Quantum Dots for Bioimaging Applications

et al. 2020

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Being a zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterial of the carbon family, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) showed promising biomedical applications owing to their ultra-small size, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, excellent photo stability, tunable fluorescence, and water solubility, etc., thus capturing a considerable attention in biomedical field. This review summarizes the recent advances made in the research field of GQDs and place special emphasis on their bioimaging applications. We briefly introduce the synthesis strategies of GQDs, including top-down and bottom-up strategies. The bioimaging applications of GQDs are also discussed in detail, including optical [fluorescence (FL)], two-photon FL, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and dual-modal imaging. In the end, the challenges and future prospects to advance the clinical bioimaging applications of GQDs have also been addressed.

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Section: Carbonization/pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stepwise Organic Synthesis/cage Openingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances on Graphene Quantum Dots for Bioimaging Applications

et al. 2020

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“…Here, microwave heating support uniform, stable, simultaneous, and rapid heating which accelerates the development of a uniform distribution of quantum dots across the size. The GQDs radiation energy detected was 4.1 eV, which is the maximum radiation energy compared to other QDs at the shortest radiation wavelength [75].…”

Section: Hydrothermal Methods Using Microwavesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Outstanding Graphene Quantum Dots from Carbon Source for Biomedical and Corrosion Inhibition Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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Graphene quantum dots (GQD) is an efficient nanomaterial composed of one or more layers of graphene with unique properties that combine both graphene and carbon dots (CDs). It can be synthesized using carbon-rich materials as precursors, such as graphite, macromolecules polysaccharides, and fullerene. This contribution emphasizes the utilization of GQD-based materials in the fields of sensing, bioimaging, energy storage, and corrosion inhibitors. Inspired by these numerous applications, various synthetic approaches have been developed to design and fabricate GQD, particularly bottom-up and top-down processes. In this context, the prime goal of this review is to emphasize possible eco-friendly and sustainable methodologies that have been successfully employed in the fabrication of GQDs. Furthermore, the fundamental and experimental aspects associated with GQDs such as possible mechanisms, the impact of size, surface alteration, and doping with other elements, together with their technological and industrial applications have been envisaged. Till now, understanding simple photo luminance (PL) operations in GQDs is very critical as well as there are various methods derived from the optical properties of manufactured GQDs can differ. Lack of determining exact size and morphology is highly required without loss of their optical features. Finally, GQDs are promising candidates in the after-mentioned application fields.

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“…Moreover, in many sensors, a strategy of amplified detection, for example electrochemiluminescence, is used. Оrganic dyes [ 77 , 78 , 79 ] and quantum dots [ 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ] are applied as signal-forming labels in optical affinity biosensors. Due to the high sensitivity and wide range of detectable analytes, the sensors of this kind have become popular.…”

Section: Sensors Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensors Based on Bio and Biomimetic Receptors in Medical Diagnostic, Environment, and Food Analysis

et al. 2018

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Analytical chemistry is now developing mainly in two areas: automation and the creation of complexes that allow, on the one hand, for simultaneously analyzing a large number of samples without the participation of an operator, and on the other, the development of portable miniature devices for personalized medicine and the monitoring of a human habitat. The sensor devices, the great majority of which are biosensors and chemical sensors, perform the role of the latter. That last line is considered in the proposed review. Attention is paid to transducers, receptors, techniques of immobilization of the receptor layer on the transducer surface, processes of signal generation and detection, and methods for increasing sensitivity and accuracy. The features of sensors based on synthetic receptors and additional components (aptamers, molecular imprinted polymers, biomimetics) are discussed. Examples of bio- and chemical sensors’ application are given. Miniaturization paths, new power supply means, and wearable and printed sensors are described. Progress in this area opens a revolutionary era in the development of methods of on-site and in-situ monitoring, that is, paving the way from the “test-tube to the smartphone”.

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Spotlighting graphene quantum dots and beyond: Synthesis, properties and sensing applications

Cited by 98 publications

References 154 publications

Recent Advances on Graphene Quantum Dots for Bioimaging Applications

Recent Advances on Graphene Quantum Dots for Bioimaging Applications

Outstanding Graphene Quantum Dots from Carbon Source for Biomedical and Corrosion Inhibition Applications: A Review

Sensors Based on Bio and Biomimetic Receptors in Medical Diagnostic, Environment, and Food Analysis

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