Spotlight on ocular Kaposi’s sarcoma: an update on the presentation, diagnosis, and management options

Venkateswaran, Nandini; Ramos, Juan Carlos; Cohen, Adam K.; Alvarez, Osmel P.; Cohen, Noah K.; Karp, Carol L.

doi:10.1080/17469899.2021.1962294

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 103 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The therapeutic cornerstone in the posttransplant KS management was based on 3 pillars: immunosuppression reduction, conversion to mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, and chemotherapy ( 7 , 29 ). Tapering down immunosuppressive regimens to the lowest possible level is the main treatment for PT-KS, but it is limited by the risk of graft rejection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impaired T cell immunity was considered to be related to KS development. Due to the increase in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched donor allogeneic HSCT (alloHSCT) and anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention ( 5 ), the frequency of KS after HSCT has increased gradually ( 1 , 5 – 7 ). In most reported cases, the patient died in less than 1 year during the follow-up period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Case Report: Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Can Contribute to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Disseminated Visceral Kaposi Sarcoma Following Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Zhou

Shang

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Disseminated visceral Kaposi sarcoma (KS) following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a rare but life-threatening posttransplant complication. A suitable management strategy for disseminated KS involvement in transplant patients is unclear. Here, we reported a patient who developed disseminated visceral KS following HSCT, which was the first detailed report documenting the relationship among KS development, delayed immune reconstitution, and HHV-8 DNA levels by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). The HHV-8 viral load peaked at 2071 sequence reads with an absolute lymphocyte count of 0.17×109/L on day +242. On day +536, the HHV-8 viral load became undetectable, with an absolute lymphocyte count of 1.06×109/L and the KS disappearance. HHV-8 load in blood detected by mNGS may be used as an early prediction marker for KS, a guide for early withdrawal of immunosuppression, and a tool to monitor KS treatment response in the setting of HSCT, especially in patients with CMV-seropositive or graft failure postengraftment. Through whole-exome sequencing, we explored the molecular mechanism underlying the patient’s longer latency of haematopoietic or immune reconstitution and recurrent infections. Germline mutations in the FANCI and RAD51 genes might impair the patient’s DNA repair ability, leading to a degree of immunodeficiency and tumour susceptibility. We strongly recommended evaluating the clinical history of the donor and investigating whether there were possible germline mutations suspected for immunodeficiency or familial neoplasms. Disseminated visceral KS patients could likely benefit from chemotherapy, especially if the disease appears to be aggressive.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Can Contribute to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Disseminated Visceral Kaposi Sarcoma Following Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Zhou

Shang

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, highlighting the importance of an adequate ophthalmologic examination in AIDS patients. [3][4][5]16 The KS incidence among HIV-infected patients has lowered greatly after the introduction of antiretroviral therapy. Worsening of previous KS lesions has been described as presence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after initiation of antiretroviral therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of iatrogenic ocular KS, it is often required to discontinue immunosuppressive therapy. 16…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AIDS-related disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma: a case report

Ruiz

Díaz-Vintimilla

Trevilla-Viveros

et al. 2022

psrua

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common malignant tumor in HIV-infected individuals. Although its most common form consists of skin and mucosal lesions, it can also present itself in a disseminated way affecting the gastrointestinal tract, lungs and eye structures. We present the case of a 27-year-old male patient with HIV infection and disseminated Kaposi sarcoma. Disseminated KS is an uncommon form of the disease. Therefore, it is important to take this into account, particularly in HIV-infected individuals with characteristic cutaneous lesions.

show abstract

“…KS can affect the vascular endothelium and presents most commonly at mucocutaneous sites, including the lower legs, oral cavity, and genitals [2]. In ocular tissues, KS may manifest in several areas, such as the orbit, lacrimal gland or sac, eyelids, caruncle, and bulbar or palpebral conjunctiva [3]. However, ocular KS as an initial presentation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or HIV infection is extremely rare and has been documented in only a few cases [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated Kaposi’s Sarcoma of the Bulbar Conjunctiva as an Initial Manifestation of AIDS: A Case Report

Alsawadi,

Al-Somali,

Najmi

et al. 2023

Case Rep Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a malignant vascular endothelium-cell-derived tumor caused by human herpesvirus 8. It is one of the most common tumors among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients; however, isolated KS is rarely reported as the initial presentation. This study describes a rare case in which isolated KS of the bulbar conjunctiva was the first presenting symptom leading to the diagnosis of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a 39-year-old man. The patient, who had no prior medical history, presented to the ophthalmology clinic with an isolated large, dark-reddish mass in the left bulbar conjunctiva and subconjunctival hemorrhage. The mass was first identified 6 months prior and had continued to grow since then. KS was confirmed based on the analysis of the incisional biopsy sample, subsequently prompting an HIV test, which was positive. This report highlights the recognition of KS as a relevant ocular complication and potential initial manifestation of AIDS. Additionally, KS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any vascular lesion, even when present at uncommon sites.

show abstract

Spotlight on ocular Kaposi’s sarcoma: an update on the presentation, diagnosis, and management options

Cited by 6 publications

References 103 publications

Case Report: Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Can Contribute to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Disseminated Visceral Kaposi Sarcoma Following Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Case Report: Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Can Contribute to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Disseminated Visceral Kaposi Sarcoma Following Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

AIDS-related disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma: a case report

Isolated Kaposi’s Sarcoma of the Bulbar Conjunctiva as an Initial Manifestation of AIDS: A Case Report

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About