Abstract:Der Sport ist seit seiner Ausdifferenzierung als eigenständiges gesellschaftliches Teilsystem eine Männerdomäne und trägt u. a. durch institutionelle Arrangements, materielle Artefakte, Deutungsstrukturen und Interaktionsmechanismen zu einer Reproduktion von Geschlechterstereotypen und einer Naturalisierung von Geschlechterdifferenzen bei.
“…This is evident on several levels: Women’s sports are less likely to be covered by the media compared to men’s sports, and female athletes are featured less often than male athletes. In addition, it was found that when women are reported on, it is often regarding their private lives and considered soft news, while men’s sports performance and abilities are the focus (Hartmann-Tews, 2019). This clearly shows that “the world of sports is a man’s world” (Hardin et al, 2008: 74) and that the underrepresentation of female sport journalists is a global phenomenon.…”
Gender-based marginalization and discrimination in sports journalism is an ongoing concern of research addressing gender equality in journalism. The visibility of female reporters as authors in terms of sports coverage has been found to be under 10% in content analysis that spans several countries. Research into audiences’ perceptions of authorship in sports journalism further found female authors to be prone to byline biases—even though findings are mixed. In this article, we set out to examine if the under representation of female sport authors has changed over the time span of 15 years. This is explored by conducting a content analysis of news coverage from 2006 to 2020 (Study 1). Further, we study whether biases against female authors in sports coverage (still) exist among recipients and in how far this is different for male and female sports. To address audience perceptions of gender in sport reporting, we performed an online experiment investigating the effect of female and male authorship as well as men’s and women’s football (soccer) as one of the most popular topic of sport reporting (Study 2). We found that female authorship in sports journalism is still marginalized without any significant improvement observed from 2006 to 2020 (Study 1). This contrasts with our findings on audiences’ perceptions of male and female authors, which did not confirm a gender byline bias (Study 2). Our results therefore suggest that gender discrimination in newsrooms cannot be justified by audience perceptions.
“…This is evident on several levels: Women’s sports are less likely to be covered by the media compared to men’s sports, and female athletes are featured less often than male athletes. In addition, it was found that when women are reported on, it is often regarding their private lives and considered soft news, while men’s sports performance and abilities are the focus (Hartmann-Tews, 2019). This clearly shows that “the world of sports is a man’s world” (Hardin et al, 2008: 74) and that the underrepresentation of female sport journalists is a global phenomenon.…”
Gender-based marginalization and discrimination in sports journalism is an ongoing concern of research addressing gender equality in journalism. The visibility of female reporters as authors in terms of sports coverage has been found to be under 10% in content analysis that spans several countries. Research into audiences’ perceptions of authorship in sports journalism further found female authors to be prone to byline biases—even though findings are mixed. In this article, we set out to examine if the under representation of female sport authors has changed over the time span of 15 years. This is explored by conducting a content analysis of news coverage from 2006 to 2020 (Study 1). Further, we study whether biases against female authors in sports coverage (still) exist among recipients and in how far this is different for male and female sports. To address audience perceptions of gender in sport reporting, we performed an online experiment investigating the effect of female and male authorship as well as men’s and women’s football (soccer) as one of the most popular topic of sport reporting (Study 2). We found that female authorship in sports journalism is still marginalized without any significant improvement observed from 2006 to 2020 (Study 1). This contrasts with our findings on audiences’ perceptions of male and female authors, which did not confirm a gender byline bias (Study 2). Our results therefore suggest that gender discrimination in newsrooms cannot be justified by audience perceptions.
“…Previous sport science research has examined knowledge transfer, though mainly knowledge reuse, within specific projects or topics such as health (Rütten & Gelius, 2012), elite sport (Rütten, 2007), gender (Hartmann‐Tews & Dahmen, 2007), or sport medicine (Provvidenza & Johnston, 2009); within organizations such as sport governing bodies (O'Reilly & Knight, 2007) or professional team sport providers (Erhardt, Martin‐Rios, & Harkins, 2014); and at sport events (Parent, MacDonald, & Goulet, 2014). The reuse of scientific knowledge by various sport practitioners such as policymakers (Rütten & Gelius, 2012), employees of sport governing bodies (O'Reilly & Knight, 2007), athletes (Gerbing & Thiel, 2016), and coaches (Reade, Rodgers, & Spriggs, 2008b) represents a challenge already.…”
Transferring scientific knowledge to applied practitioners presents a challenge in sport science. Knowledge transfer, conceptualized as knowledge reuse and knowledge contribution, has mainly been studied in the context of specific topics, projects, or organizations. The purposes of this study were to investigate the determinants of knowledge transfer from a publicly available website to its users and to cluster users into different groups based on their level of knowledge transfer. The website www.sportsandscience.de is dedicated to translating evidence-based knowledge that is regularly generated in scientific studies into short and digestible information through e.g. videos and blogs, and provides opportunities for knowledge reuse and contribution. A theoretical model of knowledge transfer in organizations which was adapted to this context guided the study. Data from an online survey of registered website users were employed for the empirical analysis. The regression analyses showed that knowledge reuse is positively affected by ease of knowledge access and negatively by age. Knowledge reuse, job experience, and male gender have a significant positive effect on knowledge contribution. The findings suggest that the theoretical model is generally applicable to this context, but also highlight differences to the original organizational setting. Cluster analysis yielded three clusters: Frequent users, occasional users, and frequent contributors. Analyses of variances revealed significant differences among clusters regarding computer self-efficacy, job experience, gender, age, employment, interested sports, and conditional skills, but not concerning education and formal qualifications. Implications for improving knowledge transfer of such a website are provided.
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