Sports related to drowning

Abstract

Aquatic sports are included in the top list of risky practices as the environment per se carries a possibility of death by drowning if not rescued in time. Not only are aquatic sports related to a high risk of death, but also all sports practiced on the water, over the water and on ice. Whatever the reason a person is in the water, drowning carries a higher possibility of death if the individual is unable to cope with the water situation, which may simply be caused by an inability to stay afloat and get out of the water or by an injury or disease that may lead to physical inability or unconsciousness. The competitive nature of sports is a common pathway that leads the sports person to exceed their ability to cope with the environment or simply misjudge their physical capability. Drowning involves some principles and medical interventions that are rarely found in other medical situations as it occurs in a deceptively hostile environment that may not seem dangerous. Therefore, it is essential that health professionals are aware of the complete sequence of action in drowning. This article focuses on the pulmonary injury in sports and recreational activities where drowning plays the major role. @ERSpublications Drowning involves rarely seen interventions: it is essential health professionals are aware of the drowning sequence

Surfing on the world stage: a narrative review of acute and overuse injuries and preventative measures for the competitive and recreational surfer

“…TM rupture occurs when a surfer’s ear is hit directly by the tip of a large wave or when the ear slaps the water surface after a high-speed wipe-out 6. A surfer’s risk of drowning injuries would theoretically increase following TM rupture in large surf, as it would cause disorientation and hamper attempts when surfacing 37. TM rupture is a cause of conductive hearing loss,38 while conductive hearing loss may occur in up to 20% of mild traumatic brain injuries 39.…”

“…Watson et al reported 11 cervical spine injuries in more than 2400 drownings 68. Although surfers would likely make up a small proportion in these studies and on average be stronger swimmers, it suggests that routine immobilisation of the cervical spine in unconscious surfers, without assessing signs of a traumatic injury, is contraindicated as it may delay vital cardiopulmonary resuscitation and possibly lead to death 37 64 69. Thus, it is imperative that first responders understand and recognise the patterns of head and neck trauma to ensure the correct recognition and appropriate management of these injuries.…”

Liberal Oxygen with Unreliable Unpredictable Flowrate Is the Root Cause of Unexplained Physiological Events in Combat aircraft

“…The net effect is to blow off carbon dioxide to a level where the drive to breathe and self-protect is blunted. (Szpilman, 2016) Even the American Red Cross has defined shallow-water blackouts in terms of hypoxia, "where alternative causes of unconsciousness have been excluded". (Bart, 2020) It is not clear from the text if one of the "alternative causes of unconsciousness" that was excluded was CO2 narcosis.…”

‘Dry drowning’ and other myths

“…Physicians need to recognize these situations to treat them appropriately. Drowning that is secondary to other primary insults can be classified as 24 :…”