Sports Injuries and Oral Contraceptive Use

Nielsen, Jesper Møller; Hammar, Mats

doi:10.2165/00007256-199112030-00002

Cited by 55 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It has been suggested that hormonal fluctuations may have an indirect effect on neuromuscular control and consequently injury [129]. Furthermore, OCP use combined with neuromuscular training may be advantageous for increasing the dynamic stability of the knee and thus reducing injury risk [130][131][132]. Indirect support also exists for a link between the use of OCP and reduced soft tissue [133] and traumatic injuries [134].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied Physiology of Female Soccer: An Update

et al. 2014

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The popularity and professionalism of female soccer has increased markedly in recent years, with elite players now employed on either a professional or semi-professional basis. The previous review of the physiological demands of female soccer was undertaken two decades ago when the sport was in its relative infancy. Increased research coupled with greater training and competition demands warrants an updated review to consider the effect on physical performance and injury patterns.The physical demands of match-play along with the influence of factors such as the standard of competition, playing position and fatigue have been explored. Total distance covered for elite female players is approximately 10 km, with 1.7 km completed at high-speed (>18 km.h -1 ). Elite players complete 28% more high-speed running and 24% more sprinting than moderate level players. Decrements in high-speed running distance have been reported between and within halves, which may indicate an inability to maintain highintensity activity. Although physical capacity of female players is the most thoroughly researched area comparisons are difficult due to differing protocols. Elite players exhibit maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) values of 49.4 -57.6 ml.kg -1 .min -1 , Yo Yo Intermittent Endurance test level 2 (YYIE2) scores of 1774 ± 532 m (mean ± SD) and 20 m sprint times of 3.17 ± 0.03 s (mean ± SD). Reasons for the increased prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in females (2-6 times greater than males) are discussed with anatomical, biomechanical loading and neuromuscular activation differences being cited in the literature. This review presents an in-depth contemporary examination of the applied physiology of the female soccer player.Applied Physiology of Female Soccer 2 1) Introduction The last review of the physiological demands of female soccer was undertaken two decades ago [1] . At the time of that review, women's soccer was in its relative infancy with the inaugural Women's World Cup having taken place in 1991. The popularity of women's soccer has increased markedly in recent years with 29 million participants recorded in 2011, an increase of 34% from 2000 [2]. The 2015 Women's World Cup will have 24 participating nations, an increase of eight from the previous tournament.Since the previous review, increasing attention in the scientific literature has focused on women's soccer with over two thousand scientific articles published. There has been a drive towards professionalism in the sport with players at the highest level now employed on a professional or semi-professional basis. Current elite players are exposed to greater training volumes and competition demands than ever before, consequently these increased physical demands may have implications for both physical performance levels and injury patterns. Inline with these changes, advances in technology available for monitoring athletes has led to greater opportunities to scientifically support players and thus information regarding the modern elite female player...

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confidence: 99%

Applied Physiology of Female Soccer: An Update

et al. 2014

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“…Only a few studies have looked at COC women, showing stabilization of posture or a better balance for COC users [ 194 , 206 , 207 ]. The consistent lower limb dynamics of COC users might demand less reliance on the neuromuscular control apparatus to acutely alter feed-forward strategies during dynamic tasks.…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms: Performance and Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Specificities of Elite Female Athletes: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Castanier

Bougault

Jaffré

et al. 2021

Life

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Female athletes have garnered considerable attention in the last few years as more and more women participate in sports events. However, despite the well-known repercussions of female sex hormones, few studies have investigated the specificities of elite female athletes. In this review, we present the current but still limited data on how normal menstrual phases, altered menstrual phases, and hormonal contraception affect both physical and cognitive performances in these elite athletes. To examine the implicated mechanisms, as well as the potential performances and health risks in this population, we then take a broader multidisciplinary approach and report on the causal/reciprocal relationships between hormonal status and mental and physical health in young (18–40 years) healthy females, both trained and untrained. We thus cover the research on both physiological and psychological variables, as well as on the Athlete Biological Passport used for anti-doping purposes. We consider the fairly frequent discrepancies and summarize the current knowledge in this new field of interest. Last, we conclude with some practical guidelines for eliciting improvements in physical and cognitive performance while minimizing the health risks for female athletes.

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“…In contrast, the impaired postural stability of control women at this phase of the cycle could be explained by PMS. It has been reported that symptoms of PMS, such as impaired concentration and decreased psychomotor performance, can lead to impaired stability in women (Möller-Nielsen and Hammar 1991;Fridén et al 2003;Fridén et al 2005). Therefore, oral contraceptives use is associated with a lower risk of experiencing premenstrual symptoms (Jarosz et al 2017) and this effect may improve postural stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oral contraceptives stabilize hormone levels during the menstrual cycle and can improve neuromuscular coordina-tion in women (Möller-Nielsen and Hammar 1991). Sex hormones were reported to increase joint laxity and decrease neuromuscular performance and in this way either passively or actively stabilize joints, and as a result, affect postural balance (Hewett 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oral contraceptives use is associated with a lower risk of experiencing many, but not all premenstrual symptoms, this effect may be dependent on the nature and severity of the symptom (Jarosz et al 2017). Some of these symptoms and alterations may influence the performance of daily activities and can lead to impaired stability in women (Möller-Nielsen and Hammar 1991;Fridén et al 2003;Fridén et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of oral contraceptives intake on postural stability in young healthy women throughout the menstrual cycle

Mokošáková¹,

Senko²,

Okuliarová³

et al. 2018

gpb

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of oral contraceptives on static postural stability in young healthy women during their menstrual cycle. Twenty-three women with the regular menstrual cycle, using or not using oral contraceptives, participated in this study. Salivary progesterone and estradiol levels were measured during one menstrual cycle. Measurements of balance were performed during a quiet stance on a firm and foam surface by the force platform, with eyes either opened or closed, on day 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the cycle. Results of stability on a firm surface with eyes opened showed a significant effect in the amplitude of body sway in the anterior-posterior direction since women using oral contraceptives had a lower amplitude compared to control women on day 28. During stance on a firm surface with eyes closed we showed only impact of the menstrual cycle on postural stability of women. In condition of stance on foam surface with the eyes opened or closed no significant effects were found. Our results showed that oral contraceptives intake can improve the static postural stability before the onset of menstruation and decrease a risk of injury of young healthy women.

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Sports Injuries and Oral Contraceptive Use

Cited by 55 publications

References 41 publications

Applied Physiology of Female Soccer: An Update

Applied Physiology of Female Soccer: An Update

The Specificities of Elite Female Athletes: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Effect of oral contraceptives intake on postural stability in young healthy women throughout the menstrual cycle

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