Sports bras and breast kinetics

Yu, Winnie; Zhou, Jie

doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-369-0.00008-6

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The compression sports bra is designed to restrict breast movement by flattening the breasts against the chest wall ( Page and Steele, 1999). A compression sports bra generally has a higher neck drop, wider shoulder straps, and larger back panels compared to an encapsulation sports bra (Yu and Zhou, 2016). b) The encapsulation sports bra contains two moulded or structured cups and a centre gore which support two separated breasts (Page and Steele, 1999).…”

Section: Sports Bra Characteristic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regardless of the approach, it is also important to consider which characteristics are investigated. For example, characteristics such as bra style (Page and Steele, 1999;White et al 2009;Yu and Zhou, 2016;Zhou et al 2013), underwire presence (Page and Steele, 1999;Zhou et al 2013), shoulder strap adjustability (Zhou et al 2013), shoulder strap configuration (Bowles and Steele, 2013;Coltman et al 2015;Page and Steele, 1999;Yu and Zhou, 2016;Zhou et al 2013), principal fibre content (Page and Steele, 1999;Yu and Zhou, 2016;Zhou et al 2013), underband adjustability (Zhou et al 2013), cup padding presence (Lu et al 2016;Page and Steele, 1999;Yu and Zhou, 2016;Zhou et al 2013), underband closure location (Zhou et al 2013) and neck drop (Yu and Zhou, 2016) have all been reported to affect sports bra performance (Bowles and Steele, 2013;Coltman et al 2015;Lu et al 2016;Page and Steele, 1999;White et al 2009;Yu and Zhou, 2016;Zhou et al 2013); where sports bra performance was measured using many outcome measures such as breast movement reduction, bra strap pressure, breast displacement etc. It is suggested that these characteristics have the potential to A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t affect the mechanical properties of the sports bra, and therefore their inclusion in previous research studies is understandable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How the characteristics of sports bras affect their performance

et al. 2020

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Breast movement reduction (%) measures breast support and sports bra performance, however limited evidence exists on the sports bra characteristics which affect it. This study investigated breast movement reduction achieved by 98 sports bras, the categorization of support levels, and the characteristics that contribute. Each bra was tested on ~12 females (total n=77). Relative breast position was recorded during sports bra and bare-breasted running, and breast movement reduction calculated; low, medium, high breast support tertiles were identified and compared to brand-classified support levels. Ten bra characteristics were identified, and regressions determined which characteristics contributed to performance. Breast movement reduction ranged from 36% to 74%; 69% of bras marketed as high support were in the high support tertile (>63%). Encapsulation style, padded cups, nylon, adjustable underband and high neck drop accounted for 37.1% of breast movement reduction variance. Findings facilitate high performance sports bra development and inform consumer choice.

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Section: Sports Bra Characteristic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the characteristics of sports bras affect their performance

et al. 2020

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“…The function of the two bra styles, however, is different (Zhou, Yu, & Ng, 2013). Compression-style bras are designed to compress both breasts against the chest wall as a single unit to limit breast motion, whereas encapsulation-style bras are comprised of numerous individual components that are pieced together to form bras that support each breast individually in separate, structured cups (Loehr, 2013; Yu & Zhou, 2016; Zhou et al, 2013). Encapsulation bras can be designed to be worn for daily use and/or physical activity.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main components of an encapsulation bra include the cups, front band, underwire, backband, and straps (Figure 1; Bowles & Steele, 2013; Chen, Labat, & Bye, 2011; Cummings, 1987; McGhee & Steele, 2010; Page & Steele, 1999; Pandarum, Yu, & Hunter, 2011; Yu & Zhou, 2016). Given the unique function that each component of an encapsulation-style bra is designed to perform, it is important to understand how these different components affect overall bra fit.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which Bra Components Contribute to Incorrect Bra Fit in Women Across a Range of Breast Sizes?

Coltman

Steele

McGhee

2017

Clothing and Textiles Research Journal

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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether different components of encapsulation-style bras contribute to incorrect bra fit among women and whether this was influenced by breast size. The fit of five key bra components of 309 women's own encapsulation bras was assessed using professional bra fit criteria among four breast size categories. Overall, incorrect fit prevalence was greatest among the cups, front band, and strap components of the bra. Although no significant difference was observed in overall bra fit between the four breast size categories, a significant difference was observed between groups for the front band, underwire, and strap components of the bra. Individual components of encapsulation-style bras are associated with incorrect bra fit and these vary with breast size. Incorporation of three-dimensional breast volume/shape and torso dimension data into bra component design could improve bra fit and breast support for women across the size spectrum. Keywords bra components, encapsulation bra, bra fit, breast volume, breast size, bra design A poorly fitted bra can lead to numerous negative health outcomes including poor posture, headaches, and back ache (

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“…The breasts do not have muscles or bones which means that there is little anatomical support. Therefore, excessive movement during physical activities can cause embarrassment, discomfort, pain or even injury and sagging (Yu and Zhou, 2016). However, these can be remedied by wearing sports bras, which are designed to control excessive breast movement and reduce breast pain during vigorous activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational modelling methods for sports bra–body interactions

Liang¹,

Yu²,

Chen

et al. 2020

IJCST

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PurposeThe breasts are mainly fatty and connective tissues with no muscles that directly support them, so wearing sports bras is one of the most effective means of alleviating the discomfort of breast movement and potential injury during vigorous physical exercise. However, the design and development processes of traditional sports bras are time-consuming and costly. Hence, a novel method of simulating the static contact pressure between a sports bra and women’s body based on the finite element (FE) and artificial neural network (ANN) models is developed in this study to contribute to the design considerations of sports bras.Design/methodology/approachThree-dimensional FE models of a female subject and sports bras with different fabric properties are developed to determine the amount of contact pressure exerted onto the body. The FE results are then verified by measuring the amount of pressure exerted by the sports bra on the skin with pressure sensors. The Taguchi technique is used to effectively reduce the number of trials from 625 to only 25 cases. These 25 results obtained through FE modelling are then used to provide the training set for the ANNs. Finally, a comparison between the FE and ANN results is carried out.FindingsA novel model of the static contact pressure between a sports bra and human subject based on the FE and ANN methods is presented in this paper. The root mean square error values show that there is only a small difference between the FE and ANN results.Originality/valueThe ANN function established in this study can be used to predict the mechanical behaviours of breasts and has a fundamental impact on the computer-aided design of functional garments in general.

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Sports bras and breast kinetics

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

How the characteristics of sports bras affect their performance

How the characteristics of sports bras affect their performance

Which Bra Components Contribute to Incorrect Bra Fit in Women Across a Range of Breast Sizes?

Computational modelling methods for sports bra–body interactions

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